ADO.NET Questions

ADO.NET

Question:-How ADO.NET come into existence?
Answer: DAO (data access model) is the first Data Access Model that is created for local databases which contains built-in Jet engine which overcome with some problem like performance and functionality issues. After this RDO (Remote Data Object) and ADO (Active Data Object) comes in market which basically designed for Client Server applications but soon ADO is more comfort then RDO. ADO a good architecture ADO contained all the data in a recordset object which creates problems when implemented on the network where firewalls exist. Because ADO was a connected data access, which make connection open until the application is closed. This creates issue like database security and network traffic. Because open database connections use system resources to a maximum extent making the system performance less effective. This helps in developing of ADO.NET.

Question: What is Asynchronous Database Commands? Answer:- When we execute any database. Thread that executing the command waits before the command get fully executing before executing any additional code. Thread is blocked for another process. But Asynchronous Database Commands solve this problem when database command is executing the current thread can continue on other process. Thread can execute a no of database command. There are two benefits of using Asynchronous Database Commands. 1) Executing Multiple Database Commands simultaneously improve performance. 2) Because ASP.Net framework uses a limited pool service for request. When any request for a page is comes its assign a thread to handle the request. If framework is out of thread then job is in guess we get error 503. But if we are using asynchronous database command then current thread is release back to current thread pool. Question:-What are Concurrency and its types? Answer: When two or more people try to update same type of data then Concurrency helps how to handle this situation there are two types of concurrency Pessimistic:-When one user try to change the data with pessimistic concurrency a lock is placed on the data so that another user cannot change that one after one another can change.

Optimistic:-In this if two user works on the same data and one change that data first then second user cannot change that same data becasue the which he have using is allready changed so he cannot do the change becasue change apply to another data that is changed by first user.

Question: How to get result from two table in Sql DataReader ?
Answer: string str="Select * from table1;Select * from table2"; cmd.commandtext=str; dr=cmd.executereader();
Question: What is Ref Cursor in .NET and how it is link with ExecuteReader ?
Answer: Ref cursor play its role when doing with the oracle database these comes in ODP.NET. Ref Cursors are objects that link to Oracle server-side cursors.These Ref Cursor can be converted in oracle datareader with this Ref cursor we can get result with query written to pl/sql and the result can be get in .net.Now the question arise why we use Ref Cursor when we have an option of ExceuteReader reson is simple when we need more query in pl/sql means our work is done in pl/sql then we need this ref cursor for getting result set because doennot have direct connection to that table.Becasue advantage of pl/sql we can take two opertion in one query.
Question: Define tool Manage Statistics in SQL Serevr 2000 query ?
Answer: SQL Server creates internal statistics on the rows in all of our tables that is used by the Query Optimizer to select the optimal execution plan for our query. And Query Optimizer helps in doing this.Soome time when statistics isnot maintains then this is done by tool Manage Statistics.We can add,edit or delete for statistics that is maintained by SQL Server.We can experiment with different sets of statistics and see how it affects the query otimizer execution plans.
Question: Some important instruction regarding ADO.NET connection string ?
Answer: When we are making connection string always use Server's IP address not the DNS name if we use IP address it will reduce the time taken for connection to establish.Becasue server IP address is used to get a default or named instance of Sql Server that ls running. if we are running the cluster we have to use the Virtual SQL Server IP address.
Question: How to get database schema information when connection object is establish in ADO.NET ?
Answer: There is a method that helps in getting schema information that is GetSchema() and this method is called in three different ways first way when we call this method without any parameter its return the metadata(table, view, stored procedure.indexes etc).When method is called by passing metadata collection name and filter criteria returns the items from the collection after applying the filter criteria and last way is when we called by passing a metadata collection name returns information about items found in the specified collection.
Question: Which one is better WebServices and Remoting?
Answer: Both of these have little difference WebServices help full where the user who is using Web Service does not have the .NET platform. On the otherside for remoting we need .Net platform on the both side so from both of this remoting is faster then webservice.So keep in mind which of these are you using if you have .net plateform or other.

Question:-What is DataGrid wheater its a Server Control or something else ?
Answer:DataGrid is Web server control a powerful tool for displaying information from a data source. we can display editable data in a professional-looking grid by setting only a few properties. The grid has a sophisticated object model that provides you with great flexibility in how you display the data.

Question:-Define different execute methods of ADO.NET command object ?
Answer: ExecuteScalar:- This method returns a single value from the first row and first column of the result get from the execution of SQL query.
ExecuteNonQuery:- This method executes the DML SQL query just like insert, delete or update and then returns the number of rows affected by the action.
ExecuteReader:- This method returns DataReader object which is a forward-only resultset.
ExecuteXMLReader:- This method is available for SQL Server 2000 or later. Upon execution it builds XMLReader object from standard SQL query.
Question:-What DataReader class do in ADO.NET?
Answer: To get read-only and forward only access to data we use DataReader .the DataReader object reduces the system overhead because one row at a time is taken into memory so it is quite lightweight. To get second object connection is reconnected. We can create a DataReader object by execute Execute readre() method. There are two Data Reader class one is SqlDataReader and other is OleDbDataReader.
Question:-Why is ADO.NET serialization slower than ADO ?
Answer: ADO uses binary serialization while ADO.NET uses text based serialization. Since the text takes more space, it takes longer to write it out.
Question:-Is XML is a component of ADO.NET ?
Answer: The answer of this question is always Yes because XML is an important component of ADO.NET architecture .ADO.NET use XML to store and transfer data.We not have to convert data to XML format.Datasets helps XML to integrate with ADO.NET. XML schema plays a role to get table definition,column,datatypes and constraints helps DataSet.

Question:- How to check if the Dataset has records ?
Answer:
if (ds.Tables(0).Rows.Count= 0 )

{

'No record
else
'record found

}

Question:- What is the significance of CommandBehavior.CloseConnection ?
Answer: To avoid having to explicitly close the connection associated with the command used to create either a SqlDataReader or and OleDbDataReader, pass the CommandBehavior.CloseConnection argument to the ExecuteReader method of the Connection.

dr= cmd.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.CloseConnection);

The associated connection will be closed automatically when the Close method of the Datareader is called. This makes it all the more important to always remember to call Close on your datareaders.

Question:-Which method do you invoke on the DataAdapter control to load your generated dataset with data?
Answer: The Fill() method.

Question:-What is Dataset and Diffgram?
Answer: When sending and retrieving a Dataset from an XML Web service, the DiffGram format is implicitly used. Additionally, when loading the contents of a DataSet from XML using the ReadXml method, or when writing the contents of a DataSet in XML using the WriteXml method, you can select that the contents be read or written as a DiffGram. For more information, see Loading a DataSet from XML and Writing a DataSet as XML Data. While the DiffGram format is primarily used by the .NET Framework as a serialization format for the contents of a DataSet, you can also use DiffGrams to modify data in tables in a Microsoft SQL Server™ 2000 database.

Question:-What is typed dataset?
Answer: A typed dataset is very much similar to a normal dataset. But the only difference is that the sehema is already present for the same. Hence any mismatch in the column will generate compile time errors rather than runtime error as in the case of normal dataset. Also accessing the column value is much easier than the normal dataset as the column definition will be available in the schema.

Question:-How can you provide an alternating color scheme in a Repeater control?
Answer: AlternatingItemTemplate Like the ItemTemplate element, but rendered for every other row (alternating items) in the Repeater control. You can specify a different appearance for the AlternatingItemTemplate element by setting its style properties.

Question:-What are good ADO.NET object(s) to replace the ADO Recordset object?
Answer: There are alot...but the base once are SqlConnection, OleDbConnection, etc...

Question:-Can you explain the difference between an ADO.NET Dataset and an ADO Recordset?
Answer:Valid answers are:

• A DataSet can represent an entire relational database in memory, complete with tables, relations, and views.
• A DataSet is designed to work without any continuing connection to the original data source.
• Data in a DataSet is bulk-loaded, rather than being loaded on demand.
• There's no concept of cursor types in a DataSet.
• DataSets have no current record pointer You can use For Each loops to move through the data.
• You can store many edits in a DataSet, and write them to the original data source in a single operation.
• Though the DataSet is universal, other objects in ADO.NET come in different versions for different data sources.

Question:-What are the differences between Datalist DataGrid and datarepeater ?
Answer:DataList

• Has table appearence by default
• Has no autoformat option
• has no default paging & sorting options
• can define separators between elements using template
  DataGrid
• Has a grid appearence by default
• has a autoformat option
• has default paging and sorting
• has no separator between elements
  DataRepeater
simple,read-only output, has no built in support for selecting or editing items, has no DEFAULT APPEARENCE, has no default paging.

ASP.NET INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

ASP.NET INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

Question:-What do you mean by Share Point Portal?
Answer: Here I have taken information regarding Share Point Portal Server 2003 provides mainly access to the crucial business information and applications. With the help of Share Point Server we can server information between Public Folders, Data Bases, File Servers and the websites that are based on Windows server 2003. This Share Point Portal is integrated with MSAccess and Windows servers,So we can get a Wide range of document management functionality. We can also create a full featured portal with readymade navigation and structure.

Question:-What is cross page posting in ASP.NET2.0?
Answer: When we have to post data from one page to another in application we used server.transfer method but in this the URL remains the same but in cross page posting there is little different there is normal post back is done but in target page we can access values of server control in the source page.This is quite simple we have to only set the PostBackUrl property of Button,LinkButton or imagebutton which specifies the target page.In target page we can access the PreviousPage property.And we have to use the @PreviousPageType directive.We can access control of PreviousPage by using the findcontrol method.When we set the PostBackURL property ASP.NET framework bind the HTML and Javascript function automatically.

Question: What you thing about the Web Portal?
Answer: Web portal is nothing but a page that allows a user to customize his/her homepage. We can use Widgets to create that portal we have only to drag and drop widgets on the page. The user can set his Widgets on any where on the page where he has to get them. Widgets are nothing but a page area that helps particular function to response. Widgets example are address books, contact lists, RSS feeds, clocks, calendars, play lists, stock tickers, weather reports, traffic reports, dictionaries, games and another such beautiful things that we can not imagine. We can also say Web Parts in Share Point Portal. These are one of Ajax-Powered.

Question: How to start Outlook, Notepad file in AsP.NET with code ?
Answer: Here is the syntax to open outlook or notepad file in ASP.NET VB.NET Process.Start("Notepad.exe") Process.Start("msimn.exe"); C#.NET System.Diagnostics.Process.Start("msimn.exe"); System.Diagnostics.Process.Start("Notepad.exe");
Question: What is the purpose of IIS ?
Answer: We can call IIS(Internet Information Services) a powerful Web server that helps us creating highly reliable, scalable and manageable infrastructure for Web application which runs on Windows Server 2003. IIS helps development center and increase Web site and application availability while lowering system administration costs. It also runs on Windows NT/2000 platforms and also for above versions. With IIS, Microsoft includes a set of programs for building and administering Web sites, a search engine, and support for writing Web-based applications that access database. IIS also called http server since it process the http request and gets http response.

Question: What is main difference between GridLayout and FormLayout ?
Answer: GridLayout helps in providing absolute positioning of every control placed on the page. It is easier to devlop page with absolute positioning because control can be placed any where according to our requirement.But FormLayout is little different only experience Web Devloper used this one reason is it is helpful for wider range browser.If there is absolute positioning we can notice that there are number of DIV tags.But in FormLayout whole work are done through the tables.

Question: How Visual SourceSafe helps Us?
Answer: One of the powerful tool provided by Microsoft to keep up-to-date of files system its keeps records of file history once we add files to source safe it can be add to database and the changes add by different user to this files are maintained in database from that we can get the older version of files to. This also helps in sharing, merging of files.

Question:-Can you define what is SharePoint and some overview about this?
Answer: SharePoint helps workers for creating powerful personalized interfaces only by dragging and drop pre-defined Web Part Components. And these Web Parts components also help non programmers to get information which care and customize the appearance of Web pages. To under stand it we take an example one Web Part might display a user's information another might create a graph showing current employee status and a third might show a list of Employees Salary. This is also possible that each functions has a link to a video or audio presentation. So now Developers are unable to create these Web Part components and make them available to SharePoint users.

Question:-What is different between WebUserControl and in WebCustomControl ?
Answer: Web user controls :- Web User Control is Easier to create and another thing is that its support is limited for users who use a visual design tool one gud thing is that its contains static layout one more thing a seprate copy is required for each application.
Web custom controls:-Web Custom Control is typical to create and gud for dynamic layout and another thing is it have full tool support for user and a single copy of control is required because it is placed in Global Assembly cache.

Question:-What is Sandbox in SQL server and explain permission level in Sql Server ?
Answer: Sandbox is place where we run trusted program or script which is created from the third party. There are three type of Sandbox where user code runs.
Safe Access Sandbox:-Here we can only create stored procedure, triggers, functions,datatypes etc .But we does not have access memory ,disk etc.
External Access Sandbox:-We can access File systems outside the box. We can not play with threading, memory allocation etc.
Unsafe Access Sandbox:-Here we can write unreliable and unsafe code.

Question:-How many types of cookies are there in .NET ?
Answer: Two type of cookeries.
a) single valued eg request.cookies(”UserName”).value=”dotnetquestion”
b)Multivalued cookies. These are used in the way collections are used example
request.cookies(”CookiName”)(”UserName”)=”dotnetquestionMahesh”
request.cookies(”CookiName”)(”UserID”)=”interview″


Question: When we get Error 'HTTP 502 Proxy Error' ?
Answer: We get this error when we execute ASP.NET Web pages in Visual Web Developer Web server, because the URL randomly select port number and proxy servers did not recognize the URL and return this error. To resolve this problem we have to change settings in Internet Explorer to bypass the proxy server for local addresses, so that the request is not sent to the proxy.

Question:-What do you mean by three-tier architecture?
Answer: The three-tier architecture was comes into existence to improve management of code and contents and to improve the performance of the web based applications. There are mainly three layers in three-tier architecture. the are define as follows
(1)Presentation
(2)Business Logic
(3)Database
(1)First layer Presentation contains mainly the interface code, and this is shown to user. This code could contain any technology that can be used on the client side like HTML, JavaScript or VBScript etc.
(2)Second layer is Business Logic which contains all the code of the server-side .This layer have code to interact with database database and to query, manipulate, pass data to user interface and handle any input from the UI as well.
(3)Third layer Data represents the data store like MS Access, SQL Server, an XML file, an Excel file or even a text file containing data also some addtional database are also added to that layers.

Question: What is Finalizer in .NET define Dispose and Finalize?
Answer: We can say that Finalizer are the methods that's helps in cleanp the code that is executed before object is garbage collected .The process is called finalization . There are two methods of finalizer Dispose and Finalize .There is little diffrenet between two of this method .
When we call Dispose method is realse all the resources hold by an object as well as all the resorces hold by the parent object.When we call Dispose method it clean managed as well as unmanaged resources.
Finalize methd also cleans resources but finalize call dispose clears only the unmanged resources because in finalization the garbase collecter clears all the object hold by managed code so finalization fails to prevent thos one of methd is used that is: GC.SuppressFinalize.

Question: Define SMTPclient class in Dot Net framework class library?
Answer: Each classes in dotnet framework inclue some properties,method and events.These properties ,methods and events are member of a class.SMTPclient class mainly concern with sending mail.This class contain the folling member.
Properties:-
Host:-The name or IP address of email server.
Port:-Port that is use when sending mail.
Methods:-
Send:-Enables us to send email synchronously.
SendAsynchronous:-Enables us to send an email asynchronously.
Event:-
SendCompleted:-This event raised when an asynchronous send opertion completes.


Question: What is late binding?
Answer: When code interacts with an object dynamically at runtime .because our code literally doesnot care what type of object it is interacting and with the methods thats are supported by object and with the methods thats are supported by object .The type of object is not known by the IDE or compiler ,no Intellisense nor compile-time syntax checking is possible but we get unprecedented flexibilty in exchange.if we enable strict type checking by using option strict on at the top of our code modules ,then IDE and compiler will enforce early binding behaviour .By default Late binding is done.

Question:-Does .NET CLR and SQL SERVER run in different process?
Answer: Dot Net CLR and all .net realtes application and Sql Server run in same process or we can say that that on the same address because there is no issue of speed because if these two process are run in different process then there may be a speed issue created one process goes fast and other slow may create the problem.
Question:-What is Com Marshler and its importance in .NET ?
Answer: Com Marshler is one of useful component of CLR. Its Task is to marshal data between Managed and Unmanaged environment .It helps in representation of data accross diffrenet execution enviroment.It performs the conversion of data format between manage and unmanaged code.By the helps of Com Marshlar CLR allows manage code to interoperate with unmanaged code.

Question: What is CSU and its description ?
Answer: CSU stands for comma separate values also called comma delimited.It is plain text file which stores spreadsheets or basic datatype in very simple format.One record in each line and each field separted with comma's it is often used to transfer large ammount spreadsheet data or database information between program.

Question: The IHttpHandler and IHttpHandlerFactory interfaces?
Answer: The IHttpHandler interface is implemented by all the handlers. The interface consists of one property called IsReusable. The IsReusable property gets a value indicating whether another request can use the IHttpHandler instance. The method ProcessRequest() allows you to process the current request. This is the core place where all your code goes. This method receives a parameter of type HttpContext using which you can access the intrinsic objects such as Request and Response. The IHttpHandlerFactory interface consists of two methods - GetHandler and ReleaseHandler. The GetHandler() method instantiates the required HTTP handler based on some condition and returns it back to ASP.NET. The ReleaseHandler() method allows the factory to reuse an existing handler.


Question: what is Viewstate?
Answer:View state is used by the ASP.NET page framework to automatically save the values of the page and of each control just prior to rendering to the page. When the page is posted, one of the first tasks performed by page processing is to restore view state.
State management is the process by which you maintain state and page information over multiple requests for the same or different pages.
Client-side options are:

* The ViewState property	* Query strings
* Hidden fields	* Cookies

Server-side options are:

* Application state

* Session state

* DataBase

Use the View State property to save data in a hidden field on a page. Because ViewState stores data on the page, it is limited to items that can be serialized. If you want to store more complex items in View State, you must convert the items to and from a string.
ASP.NET provides the following ways to retain variables between requests:
Context. Handler object Use this object to retrieve public members of one Web form’s class from a subsequently displayed Web form.
Query strings Use these strings to pass information between requests and responses as part of the Web address. Query strings are visible to the user, so they should not contain secure information such as passwords.
Cookies Use cookies to store small amounts of information on a client. Clients might refuse cookies, so your code has to anticipate that possibility.
View state ASP.NET stores items added to a page’s ViewState property as hidden fields on the page.
Session state Use Session state variables to store items that you want keep local to the current session (single user).
Application state Use Application state variables to store items that you want be available to all users of the application.

Question: DOTNET PAGE LIFECYCLE?
Answer: While executing the page, it will go under the fallowing steps (or fires the events) which collectively known as Page Life cycle.
Page_Init -- Page Initialization
LoadViewState -- View State Loading
LoadPostData -- Postback data processing
Page_Load -- Page Loading
RaisePostDataChangedEvent -- PostBack Change Notification
RaisePostBackEvent -- PostBack Event Handling
Page_PreRender -- Page Pre Rendering Phase
SaveViewState -- View State Saving
Page_Render -- Page Rendering
Page_UnLoad -- Page Unloading

Question: What is Satellite Assemblies?
Answer: Satellite assemblies are often used to deploy language-specific resources for an application. These language-specific assemblies work in side-by-side execution because the application has a separate product ID for each language and installs satellite assemblies in a language-specific subdirectory for each language. When uninstalling, the application removes only the satellite assemblies associated with a given language and .NET Framework version. No core .NET Framework files are removed unless the last language for that .NET Framework version is being removed. For example, English and Japanese editions of the .NET Framework version 1.1 share the same core files. The Japanese .NET Framework version 1.1 adds satellite assemblies with localized resources in a \ja subdirectory. An application that supports the .NET Framework version 1.1, regardless of its language, always uses the same core runtime files.

Question: What is CAS?
Answer: CAS: CAS is the part of the .NET security model that determines whether or not a piece of code is allowed to run, and what resources it can use when it is running. For example, it is CAS that will prevent a .NET web applet from formatting your hard disk. How does CAS work? The CAS security policy revolves around two key concepts - code groups and permissions. Each .NET assembly is a member of a particular code group, and each code group is granted the permissions specified in a named permission set. For example, using the default security policy, a control downloaded from a web site belongs to the 'Zone - Internet' code group, which adheres to the permissions defined by the 'Internet' named permission set. (Naturally the 'Internet' named permission set represents a very restrictive range of permissions.)

Question: Automatic Memory Management?
Answer: Automatic Memory Management: From a programmer's perspective, this is probably the single biggest benefit of the .NET Framework. No, I'm not kidding. Every project I've worked on in my long career of DOS and Windows development has suffered at some point from memory management issues. Proper memory management is hard. Even very good programmers have difficulty with it. It's entirely too easy for a small mistake to cause a program to chew up memory and crash, sometimes bringing the operating system to a screeching halt in the process.

Programmers understand that they're responsible for releasing any memory that they allocate, but they're not very good at actually doing it. In addition, functions that allocate memory as a side effect abound in the Windows API and in the C runtime library. It's nearly impossible for a programmer to know all of the rules. Even when the programmer follows the rules, a small memory leak in a support library can cause big problems if called enough.

The .NET Framework solves the memory management problems by implementing a garbage collector that can keep track of allocated memory references and release the memory when it is no longer referenced. A large part of what makes this possible is the blazing speed of today's processors. When you're running a 2 GHz machine, it's easy to spare a few cycles for memory management. Not that the garbage collector takes a huge number of cycles--it's incredibly efficient.
The garbage collector isn't perfect and it doesn't solve the problem of mis-managing other scarce resources (file handles, for example), but it relieves programmers from having to worry about a huge source of bugs that trips almost everybody up in other programming environments.
On balance, automatic memory management is a huge win in almost every situation.

Question: What Language familiar to CLR?
Answer: Any language that can be compiled into Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL) is considered a .NET-compliant language. Following are a few of the popular .NET-compliant languages supported by CLR:

Display random Image from the folder

using System;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Data;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using System.Xml.Linq;
using System.IO;

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
string display = getimage();
Image1.ImageUrl = Path.Combine("~/image", display);
Label1.Text = display;

}

private string getimage()
{
Random rnd = new Random();
string[] image = Directory.GetFiles(MapPath("~/image"), "*.jpg");
string display = image[rnd.Next(image.Length)];
return Path.GetFileName(display);
}

C#.net Interview Questions and Answers

1.Are private class-level variables inherited?
  Yes, but they are not accessible, so looking at it you can honestly say that they are not inherited.
2.Why does DllImport not work for me?  
  All methods marked with the DllImport attribute must be marked as public static extern.
3.Why does my Windows application pop up a console window every time I run it?
  Make sure that the target type set in the project properties setting is set to Windows Application, and not Console Application. If you’re using the command line, compile with /target:winexe, not /target:exe.
4.Why do I get an error (CS1006) when trying to declare a method without specifying a return type?
  If you leave off the return type on a method declaration, the compiler thinks you are trying to declare a constructor. So if you are trying to declare a method that returns nothing, use void. The following is an example: // This results in a CS1006 error public static staticMethod (mainStatic obj) // This will work as wanted public static void staticMethod (mainStatic obj)
5.Why do I get a syntax error when trying to declare a variable called checked? 
  The word checked is a keyword in C#. 

6.Why do I get a security exception when I try to run my C# app?
  Some security exceptions are thrown if you are working on a network share. There are some parts of the frameworks that will not run if being run off a share (roaming profile, mapped drives, etc.). To see if this is what’s happening, just move the executable over to your local drive and see if it runs without the exceptions. One of the common exceptions thrown under these conditions is System.Security.SecurityException. To get around this, you can change your security policy for the intranet zone, code group 1.2, (the zone that running off shared folders falls into) by using the caspol.exe tool. 

7.Why do I get a CS5001: does not have an entry point defined error when compiling?
  The most common problem is that you used a lowercase ‘m’ when defining the Main method. The correct way to implement the entry point is as follows: class test { static void Main(string[] args) {} } 
What optimizations does the C# compiler perform when you use the /optimize+ compiler option? - The following is a response from a developer on the C# compiler team: We get rid of unused locals (i.e., locals that are never read, even if assigned). We get rid of unreachable code. We get rid of try-catch with an empty try. We get rid of try-finally with an empty try. We get rid of try-finally with an empty finally. We optimize branches over branches: gotoif A, lab1 goto lab2: lab1: turns into: gotoif !A, lab2 lab1: We optimize branches to ret, branches to next instruction, and branches to branches. 

8.What is the syntax for calling an overloaded constructor within a constructor (this() and constructorname() does not compile)? 
  The syntax for calling another constructor is as follows: class B { B(int i) { } } class C : B { C() : base(5) // call base constructor B(5) { } C(int i) : this() // call C() { } public static void Main() {} } 
What is the equivalent to regsvr32 and regsvr32 /u a file in .NET development? - Try using RegAsm.exe. Search MSDN on Assembly Registration Tool.