Asp.net,Ado.net ,Sql Server, Interview questions,

Create a SlideShow with ASP.NET Panels using jQuery

2010-06-23T07:26:00.000-07:00

Beginning XML, 4th Edition

2010-03-07T20:10:00.000-08:00

Beginning XML provides a complete course in the Extensible Markup Language (XML) with an unusually gradual learning curve. In fact, the introduction states that the book is "for people who know that it would be a pretty good idea to learn the language, but aren't 100 percent sure why." Despite its recognition of the fuzziness of readers' understanding of the technology, the book delivers a rather comprehensive study of XML.
Very little space is wasted detailing the history of XML and its relation to SGML, as is the case in many other titles. The argument for the importance of XML is made quickly, and the basics of well-formed syntax are tackled right off. One notable distinction of this book is its excellent coverage of related technologies, such as cascading style sheets (CSS) and relational databases.

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Goverment Sample Papers

C# 4.0

2010-03-07T19:19:00.000-08:00

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Goverment Sample Papers

.Net Interview Questions

2010-01-29T21:16:00.000-08:00

1. Explain the differences between Server-side and Client-side code?
2. What type of code (server or client) is found in a Code-Behind
class?
3. Should validation (did the user enter a real date) occur
server-side or client-side? Why?

4. What does the "EnableViewState" property do? Why would I want it on or off?

5. What is the difference between Server.Transfer and
Response.Redirect? Why
would I choose one over the other?

6. Can you give an example of when it would be appropriate to use a
web service as opposed to a non-serviced .NET component

7. Let's say I have an existing application written using Visual
Studio 6 (VB 6, InterDev 6) and this application utilizes Windows 2000
COM+ transaction services. How would you approach migrating this
application to .NET

8. Can you explain the difference between an ADO.NET Dataset and an
ADO Recordset?

9. Can you give an example of what might be best suited to place in
the Application_Start and Session_Start subroutines?

10. If I'm developing an application that must accomodate multiple
security levels though secure login and my ASP.NET web appplication is
spanned across three web-servers (using round-robbin load balancing)
what would be the best approach to maintain login-in state for the
users?

11. What are ASP.NET Web Forms? How is this technology different than
what is available though ASP (1.0-3.0)?

12. How does VB.NET/C# achieve polymorphism?

13. Can you explain what inheritance is and an example of when you
might use it?

14. How would you implement inheritance using VB.NET/C#?

15. Whats an assembly

16. Describe the difference between inline and code behind - which is
best in a

17. loosely coupled solution

18. Explain what a diffgram is, and a good use for one

19. Where would you use an iHTTPModule, and what are the limitations
of any
19. approach you might take in implementing one
20. What are the disadvantages of viewstate/what are the benefits
21 Describe session handling in a webfarm, how does it work and what
are the > limits
22. How would you get ASP.NET running in Apache web servers - why
would you even do this?
23. Whats MSIL, and why should my developers need an appreciation of
it if at all?
24. In what order do the events of an ASPX page execute. As a
developer is it important to undertsand these events?
25. Which method do you invoke on the DataAdapter control to load your
generated dataset with data?
26. Can you edit data in the Repeater control?
27. Which template must you provide, in order to display data in a
Repeater control?
28. How can you provide an alternating color scheme in a Repeater
control?
29. What property must you set, and what method must you call in your
code, in order to bind the data from some data source to the Repeater
control?
30. What base class do all Web Forms inherit from?
31. What method do you use to explicitly kill a user s session?
32 How do you turn off cookies for one page in your site?
33. Which two properties are on every validation control?
34. What tags do you need to add within the asp:datagrid tags to bind
columns manually?
35. How do you create a permanent cookie?
36. What tag do you use to add a hyperlink column to the DataGrid?
37. What is the standard you use to wrap up a call to a Web service
38. Which method do you use to redirect the user to another page
without performing a round trip to the client?
39. What is the transport protocol you use to call a Web service SOAP
40. True or False: A Web service can only be written in .NET
41. What does WSDL stand for?
42. What property do you have to set to tell the grid which page to go
to when using the Pager object?
43. Where on the Internet would you look for Web services?
44. What tags do you need to add within the asp:datagrid tags to bind
columns manually.
45. Which property on a Combo Box do you set with a column name, prior to setting the DataSource, to display data in the combo box?
46. How is a property designated as read-only?
47. Which control would you use if you needed to make sure the values
in two different controls matched?
48. True or False: To test a Web service you must create a windows
application or Web application to consume this service?
49. How many classes can a single .NET DLL contain?

Ajax Book

2009-12-07T20:25:00.000-08:00

Ajax -

Huge Book of Puzzles

2009-11-25T20:05:00.000-08:00

Hours of fun to fascinate all who love a huge challenge. Quick crosswords, crossword pairs, same and opposite crosswords, 'clueless' crosswords, spinners, word searches, 'spot the difference' puzzles, and all kinds of word and logic puzzles, are here combined together to excite your imagination and test your powers of deduction.
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TheUltimate IQ Test Book

2009-10-12T11:35:00.000-07:00

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Sql Server Books

2009-10-11T00:13:00.000-07:00

SQL Server Stored Procedures

This handbook shows how to write faster and more robust stored procedures and functions, learn effective, real-world solutions to problems faced by database developers, designers, and administrators, and master topics such as optimizing and debugging

SQL Server Stored Procedures Download Here

Microsoft SQL Server 2000 DTS Step by Step

This introduction to SQL server 2000 data transformation services (DTS) walks step-by-step through the procedures for building an extensible data movement application that periodically moves data from delimited text files.

Microsoft SQL Server 2000 DTS Step by Step Download Here

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Books on ado.net

2009-10-09T10:31:00.001-07:00

Programming Microsoft ADO.NET 2.0 Applications: Advanced Topics

Targeting experienced, professional software
developers who design and develop enterprise applications,
this authoritative reference delves into more than a dozen beyond-the-
basics topics such as ObjectSpaces, the DataView control, and security issues

Programming Microsoft ADO.NET 2.0 Application Download

Apress - ADO Examples and Best Practice

Techniques for advanced programmers
who wish to build efficient database applications using Visual Basic 6.0

ADO Examples and Best Practice Download

Version 2.0 of the .NET Framework will offer
powerful enhancements to ADO.NET
that will give application and service
developers unprecedented control over their data.
In A First Look at ADO.NET and System.Xml v. 2.0, Microsoft's lead program
manager on XML technologies joins
with two leading .NET and XML
experts to present a comprehensive preview of tomorrow'
s ADO.NET and System.Xml classes.

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XML Step by Step, Second Edition By Michael J. Young

2009-10-02T22:35:00.000-07:00

XML Step by Step, Second Edition By Michael J. Young
Publisher: Microsoft Press 2002-02-02 | 488 Pages | ISBN: 0735614652 | PDF | 5.1 MB

Building on the popular first edition, this hands-on learning title demonstrates step by step how to create effective XML documents and display them on the Web. It also reviews the latest W3C standards, shows how to process XML in Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 and Microsoft XML Parser (MSXML) 4.0, and expands coverage of namespaces, cascading style sheets (CSS), and other technologies. A companion CD-ROM includes XML examples plus extensive links to further resources.
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jQuery Reference Guide

2009-09-17T09:54:00.000-07:00

This detailed reference guide to jQuery, an open-source JavaScript
library that shields web developers from browser inconsistencies,
simplifies adding dynamic, interactive elements, and reduces development
time, covers the syntax of every jQuery method, function, and selector
with detailed discussions to help readers get the most from jQuery.
After analyzing an example jQuery script, detailed reference chapters
cover the components of jQuery from Selectors to AJAX. The last chapters
cover jQuery's elegant plug-in architecture and the popular Dimensions
and Form plug-ins. The book offers web developers both a broad,
organized view of all that the jQuery library has to offer and a quick a
reference for comprehensive details. Readers need basic HTML and CSS,
and familiarity with JavaScript syntax, but no knowledge of jQuery is
assumed. However, this is not an introductory title and readers starting
out with jQuery should first read the companion book from Packt,
Learning jQuery.

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XML - Problem-Design-Solution

2009-09-03T06:17:00.000-07:00

Offering a unique approach to learning XML, this book walks readers through the process of building a complete, functional, end-to-end XML solution
Featured case study is an online business product catalog that includes reports, data input/output, workflow, stylesheet formatting, RSS feeds, and integration with external services like Google, eBay, and Amazon
The format of presenting a problem and working through the design to come up with a solution enables readers to understand how XML markup allows a business to share data across applications internally or with partners or customers even though they might not use the same applications

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Building Web Solutions with ASP.NET and ADO.NET.rar

2009-09-02T03:20:00.000-07:00

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LINQ Unleashed: for C#

2009-08-27T04:59:00.001-07:00

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sql CookBook

2009-08-22T12:24:00.000-07:00

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Silverlight For Asp.net

2009-08-21T11:26:00.000-07:00

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Rs Aggarwal Reasoning Download

2009-08-20T11:22:00.000-07:00

click here to download Rs Aggawalbook

Sql Server In 21 Days

2009-08-20T08:43:00.001-07:00

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sql the complete reference

2009-08-19T09:47:00.000-07:00

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Add, Edit and Delete using the ASP.NET ListView Control

2009-08-18T01:28:00.000-07:00

ASP.NET 2.0 Nested GridView

2009-08-17T22:53:00.000-07:00

Read Text File and Display in Grid View

2009-08-12T02:16:00.000-07:00

protected void Page_Load
(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (!IsPostBack)
{
string openpath, contents;
int tabsize = 4;
string[] arinfo;
string line;
int i;
DataTable dt = CreateTable();
DataRow row;
try
{
openpath =
Server.MapPath(".") + @"\abhi.txt";
string filename = openpath;
StreamReader st;
st = File.OpenText(filename);
while ((line = st.ReadLine()) != null)
{
contents =
line.Replace(("").PadRight(tabsize, ' '), "\t");
char[] textdelimeter = { ']' };
arinfo = contents.Split(textdelimeter);
for (i = 0; i < arinfo.Length; i++)
{
row = dt.NewRow();
if (i < arinfo.Length)
row["name"] = arinfo[i].ToString().Replace("[", "");
if (i < arinfo.Length)
row["lastname"] = arinfo[i].ToString().Replace("[", "");
dt.Rows.Add(row);
}
i++;

}
st.Close();
GridView1.DataSource = dt;
GridView1.DataBind();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Label1.Text = ex.Message;
}

}

}

private DataTable CreateTable()
{
try
{
DataTable table = new DataTable();

// Declare DataColumn and DataRow variables.
DataColumn column;

// Create new DataColumn, set DataType, ColumnName
// and add to DataTable.
column = new DataColumn();
column.DataType = System.Type.GetType("System.String");
column.ColumnName = "name";
table.Columns.Add(column);

// Create second column.
column = new DataColumn();
column.DataType = Type.GetType("System.String");
column.ColumnName = "lastname";
table.Columns.Add(column);

return table;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw new Exception(ex.Message);
}
}
}
}

Finding the nth highest salary of an employee.

2009-07-31T05:02:00.000-07:00

Finding the nth highest salary of an

employee.

CREATE TABLE Employee_Test
(
Emp_ID INT Identity,
Emp_name Varchar(100),
Emp_Sal Decimal (10,2)
)

INSERT INTO Employee_Test VALUES ('Anees',1000);
INSERT INTO Employee_Test VALUES ('Rick',1200);
INSERT INTO Employee_Test VALUES ('John',1100);
INSERT INTO Employee_Test VALUES ('Stephen',1300);
INSERT INTO Employee_Test VALUES ('Maria',1400);

--Highest Salary
select max(Emp_Sal) from Employee_Test

--3rd Highest Salary
select min(Emp_Sal) from Employee_Test where
Emp_Sal in
(select distinct top 3
 Emp_Sal from Employee_Test order by Emp_Sal desc)

--nth Highest Salary
select min(Emp_Sal) from Employee_Test
where Emp_Sal in
(select distinct top n Emp_Sal from
Employee_Test order by Emp_Sal desc)

Sql Transaction with stored procedure

2009-07-30T10:47:00.000-07:00

create two table first and create stored procedure

create table emp(emp_id int , empname varchar(25));
create proc emp1
@emp_id int ,
@empname varchar(25)
as
begin
insert into emp values(@emp_id,@empname)
end

create table emp_detail (emp_id int ,city varchar(25));
create proc emp2
@emp_id int,
@city varchar(25)
as
begin
insert into emp_detail values (@emp_id,@city)
end

Then write this code
protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection("data source=.;
initial catalog =abhishek;uid=sa; pwd=computer");
con.Open();
SqlTransaction st;
st = con.BeginTransaction("First");

SqlCommand cmd1 = new SqlCommand();
cmd1.Transaction = st;

try
{

cmd1.Parameters.Add("@emp_id", SqlDbType.Int).Value =
TextBox1.Text;
cmd1.Parameters.Add("@empname", SqlDbType.VarChar, 25).Value =
TextBox2.Text;
cmd1.CommandText = "emp1";
cmd1.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
cmd1.Connection = con;

cmd1.ExecuteNonQuery();

cmd2 = new SqlCommand();
cmd2.Transaction = st;

cmd2.Parameters.Add("@emp_id", SqlDbType.Int).Value
= TextBox1.Text;
cmd2.Parameters.Add("@city", SqlDbType.VarChar, 25).Value
= TextBox3.Text;
cmd2.Connection = con;

cmd2.CommandText = "emp2";
cmd2.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
cmd2.ExecuteNonQuery();
st.Commit();
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
st.Rollback();
Response.Write(ex.Message.ToString());
}
}

2009-07-27T11:33:00.000-07:00

http://www.turboupload.com/wm0alrz7s20y/ASP._NET_3._5_Social_Networking~tqw~_darksiderg.pdf.html

Visual Studio Keyboard Shortcuts

2009-07-23T23:14:00.000-07:00

Key Combination	Use	Description
CTRL+ALT+L	View Solution Explorer	Use Auto Hide for all tool windows to maximize screen real estate. Whenever you need to open the Solution Explorer, it’s just a shortcut away.
CTRL+ALT+X	View ToolBox	.
CTRL+ALT+O	View Output	.
CTRL+\, then press E	View Error List	.
CTRL+\, then press T	View Task List	.
F4	View Property Window	Select the control, then press F4 to view property window.
CTRL+PgDn or CTRL+PgUp	Design View to Source View and vice-versa	Toggle between design and source view in HTML editor.
SHIFT+F7	Design View to Source View and vice-versa	Toggle between design and source view in HTML editor.
F7	Design or Source View to Code View	Toggle from designer view to code view.
SHIFT+F7	Code View to Design View	Toggle from code view to designer view.
F5	Start Debugging	.
CTRL+F5	Start Without Debugging	.
F10	Debug	Step over
F11	Debug	Step into
SHIFT+F11	Debug	Step out
CTRL+F10	Debug	Run to cursor
F9	Toggle Breakpoint	.
CTRL+M, then press O	Collapse to Definitions.	.
CTRL+K, then CTRL+C	Comment selected Block	.
CTRL+K, then CTRL+U	Uncomment selected block	.
CTRL+-	Go back to the previous location in the navigation history	.
F6	Build Solution	.
SHIFT+F6	Build Website	.
ATL+B, then R	Rebuild Solution	.
CTRL+L	Deletes Entire Line	.
CTRL+G	GO to the Line Number	.
SHIFT+ATL+Enter	Toggle Full Screen Mode	.
CTRL+Space	Invoke the Intellisense List	Invokes the intellisence list where cursor pointed.

SQLSERVER .NET Integration Questions

2009-07-18T21:45:00.000-07:00

What are steps to load a .NET code in SQL SERVER 2005?
How can we drop a assembly from SQL SERVER?
Are changes made to assembly updated automatically in database?
Why do we need to drop assembly for updating changes?
How to see assemblies loaded in SQL Server?
I want to see which files are linked with which assemblies?
Does .NET CLR and SQL SERVER run in different process?
Does .NET controls SQL SERVER or is it vice-versa?
Is SQLCLR configured by default?
How to configure CLR for SQL SERVER?
Is .NET feature loaded by default in SQL Server?
How does SQL Server control .NET run-time?
What’s a “SAND BOX” in SQL Server 2005?
What is a application domain?
How are .NET Appdomain allocated in SQL SERVER 2005?
What is Syntax for creating a new assembly in SQL Server 2005?
Do Assemblies loaded in database need actual .NET DLL?
Does SQL Server handle unmanaged resources?
What is Multi-tasking ?
What is Multi-threading ?
What is a Thread ?
Can we have multiple threads in one App domain ?
What is Non-preemptive threading?
What is pre-emptive threading?
Can you explain threading model in SQL Server?
How does .NET and SQL Server thread work?
How are exception in SQLCLR code handled?
Are all .NET libraries allowed in SQL Server?
What is “Hostprotectionattribute” in SQL Server 2005?
How many types of permission level are there for an assembly?
Can you name system tables for .NET assemblies?
Are two version of same assembly allowed in SQL Server?
How are changes made in assembly replicated?
Is it a good practice to drop a assembly for changes?
In one of the projects following steps where done, will it work?
What does Alter assembly with unchecked data signify?
How do I drop an assembly?
Can we creat SQLCLR using .NET framework 1.0?
While creating .NET UDF what checks should be done?
How do you define a function from the .NET assembly?
Can compare between T-SQL and SQLCLR ?
With respect to .NET is SQL SERVER case sensitive?
Does case sensitive rule apply for VB.NET?
Can nested classes be accessed in T-SQL?
Can we have SQLCLR procedure input as array?
Can object datatype be used in SQLCLR?
How’s precision handled for decimal datatypes in .NET?
How do we define INPUT and OUTPUT parameters in SQLCLR?
Is it good to use .NET datatypes in SQLCLR?
How to move values from SQL to .NET datatypes?
What is System.Data.SqlServer?
What is SQLContext?
Can you explain essential steps to deploy SQLCLR?
How do create function in SQL Server using .NET?
How do we create trigger using .NET?
How to create User Define Functions using .NET?
How to create User Defined Create aggregates using .NET?
What is Asynchronous support in ADO.NET?
What is MARS support in ADO.NET?
What is SQLbulkcopy object in ADO.NET ?
How to select range of rows using ADO.NET?

ASP .Net interview Questions

2009-07-18T21:42:00.000-07:00

Tough ASP.NET interview questions
Describe the difference between a Thread and a Process?
What is a Windows Service and how does its lifecycle differ from a .standard. EXE?
What is the maximum amount of memory any single process on Windows can address? Is this different than the maximum virtual memory for the system? How would this affect a system design?
What is the difference between an EXE and a DLL?
What is strong-typing versus weak-typing? Which is preferred? Why?
What.s wrong with a line like this? DateTime.Parse(myString
What are PDBs? Where must they be located for debugging to work?
What is cyclomatic complexity and why is it important?
Write a standard lock() plus double check to create a critical section around a variable access.
What is FullTrust? Do GAC’ed assemblies have FullTrust?
What benefit does your code receive if you decorate it with attributes demanding specific Security permissions?
What does this do? gacutil /l | find /i “about”
What does this do? sn -t foo.dll
What ports must be open for DCOM over a firewall? What is the purpose of Port 135?
Contrast OOP and SOA. What are tenets of each
How does the XmlSerializer work? What ACL permissions does a process using it require?
Why is catch(Exception) almost always a bad idea?
What is the difference between Debug.Write and Trace.Write? When should each be used?
What is the difference between a Debug and Release build? Is there a significant speed difference? Why or why not?
Does JITting occur per-assembly or per-method? How does this affect the working set?
Contrast the use of an abstract base class against an interface?
What is the difference between a.Equals(b) and a == b?
In the context of a comparison, what is object identity versus object equivalence?
How would one do a deep copy in .NET?
Explain current thinking around IClonable.
What is boxing?
Is string a value type or a reference type?

ADO.NET Interview Questions

2009-07-18T21:40:00.000-07:00

What is the namespace in which .NET has the data functionality classes ?
Can you give a overview of ADO.NET architecture ?
What are the two fundamental objects in ADO.NET ?
What is difference between dataset and datareader ?
What are major difference between classic ADO and ADO.NET ?
What is the use of connection object ?
What is the use of command objects and what are the methods provided by the command object ?
What is the use of dataadapter ?
What are basic methods of Dataadapter ?
What is Dataset object?
What are the various objects in Dataset ?
How can we connect to Microsoft Access , Foxpro , Oracle etc ?
How do we connect to SQL SERVER , which namespace do we use ?
How do we use stored procedure in ADO.NET and how do we provide parameters to the stored procedures?
How can we force the connection object to close after my datareader is closed ?
I want to force the datareader to return only schema of the datastore rather than data ?
How can we fine tune the command object when we are expecting a single row or a single value ?
Which is the best place to store connectionstring in .NET projects ?
What are steps involved to fill a dataset ?(Twist :- How can we use dataadapter to fill a dataset ?)
What are the various methods provided by the dataset object to generate XML?
How can we save all data from dataset ?
How can we check that some changes have been made to dataset since it was loaded ?(Twist :- How can cancel all changes done in dataset ? ,How do we get changed value dataset ? )
How add/remove row’s in “DataTable” object of “DataSet” ?
What’s basic use of “DataView” ?
What’s difference between “DataSet” and “DataReader” ?
How can we load multiple tables in a DataSet ?
How can we add relation’s between table in a DataSet ?
What’s the use of CommandBuilder ?
What’s difference between “Optimistic” and “Pessimistic” locking ?
How many way’s are there to implement locking in ADO.NET ?
How can we perform transactions in .NET?
What’s difference between Dataset. clone and Dataset. copy ?

HTML Interview Questions

2009-07-18T21:39:00.000-07:00

How to create links to sections on the same page in HTML.
How do I create forums for my webpage?
How can I get more traffic or people to visit my website?
How can I check if anyone is stealing my website content?
How can I get more visitors on my forum?
Creating a web page with a single background image not a tiled background.
Opening new web page window when clicking on a link.
Creating a new window in HTML for a single image.
Creating multicolor links in HTML.
How to create a fixed background image on a web page.
How to create a counter on your web page.
How to resize an image with HTML.
Getting subject added to the mailto command.
How can I copyright or otherwise protect my images online?
After uploading an update to my webpage it looks the same.
Internet Explorer error: Done, but with errors on page.
How do I indent text on my web page or in HTML?
Why does alt text in the html img tag not work in Firefox?
Forum If your question is not listed on this page please try our online forum.
How do I view the source code of a web page?
Creating a mail link on a web page.
Creating flashing background when opening a web page.
Linking an image to another page in HTML.
Creating images as links with no borders.
Allowing user to choose their background color.
Creating a HTML text field bigger then one line.
What is HTML?
Creating unformatted HTML text.
Transferring user to new web page automatically.
Creating three images: first on left, second centered, third on right.
Defining the background and text color.
Is it possible to make the HTML source not viewable?
Creating images that are right aligned with the web page window.
Creating an image with a text description in HTML.
Creating a link to play a sound file in HTML.
Changing the type of font displayed on web page.
How to create a link to automatically run .exe file once downloaded.
Creating a link without an underline in HTML.
Changing link color when moving mouse over link in HTML.
Creating HTML push button link.
Creating simple search for your web page.
Creating an Onmouse over for images in HTML.
Creating script to break web page out of frames.
Accepting credit card on web page.
How do I close a browser window with HTML code?
Creating a HTML back button.
Information about favicon.ico.
How can I insert a movie into a HTML document?
How do I make money on my website?
How to create a guestbook on your web page.
How can I copy something from a webpage to my webpage?

Gridview With DropdownList Update

2009-07-07T07:41:00.000-07:00


<asp:GridView ID="GridView1" runat="server"
AutoGenerateColumns="False"
      onrowdatabound="GridView1_RowDataBound"
onrowediting="GridView1_RowEditing"
      onrowupdating="GridView1_RowUpdating">
      <Columns>
       <asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Edit"
ShowHeader="false">
                  <ItemTemplate>
                      <asp:LinkButton ID="btnedit"
runat="server"
CommandName="Edit" Text="Edit" ></asp:
LinkButton>          
</ItemTemplate>
        <EditItemTemplate>
       <asp:LinkButton ID="btnupdate" runat="server"
CommandName="Update" Text="Update"
></asp:LinkButton>
          <asp:LinkButton ID="btncancel" runat="server"
CommandName="Cancel" Text="Cancel"></asp:LinkButton>
                 </EditItemTemplate>
                </asp:TemplateField>
      <asp:TemplateField HeaderText="id">
      <ItemTemplate>
      <asp:Label ID="id" runat="server"
Text='<%#Eval("id") %
>'></asp:Label>
   
      </ItemTemplate>
      
      </asp:TemplateField>
     <asp:TemplateField HeaderText="city">
     <ItemTemplate>
     <asp:Label ID="city" runat="server"
Text='<%#Eval("city")
%>'></asp:Label>
     </ItemTemplate>
     <EditItemTemplate>
     <asp:DropDownList ID="dropcity" runat="server"></
asp:DropDownList>
     <asp:RequiredFieldValidator ID="vali" runat="server"
ControlToValidate="dropcity"
             ErrorMessage="*"><
/asp:RequiredFieldValidator>
     </EditItemTemplate>
     </asp:TemplateField> 
   
      </Columns>
   
  </asp:GridView>

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Data;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using System.Xml.Linq;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
namespace dropdownwithgrid
{
public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page
{
SqlConnection sqlcon = new SqlConnection("Data Source=.;
Initial Catalog=abhishek;Persist Security Info=True;User ID=sa;
Password=sa");
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (!IsPostBack)
{
binddata();

}
}

public void binddata()
{
DataTable dt = new DataTable();

sqlcon.Open();
SqlDataAdapter sda = new SqlDataAdapter();
string strQuery = "select id,city from id ";
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(strQuery);
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
cmd.Connection = sqlcon;
sda.SelectCommand = cmd;
sda.Fill(dt);
GridView1.DataSource = dt;
GridView1.DataBind();
sqlcon.Close();
}

protected void GridView1_RowUpdating(object sender,
GridViewUpdateEventArgs e)
{
Label l1 = (Label)GridView1.Rows[e.RowIndex].FindControl("id");
DropDownList d1 = (DropDownList)GridView1.Rows[e.RowIndex].
FindControl("dropcity");
sqlcon.Open();
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
cmd.Connection = sqlcon;
cmd.CommandText = "update id set city='" +
d1.SelectedValue.ToString() + "' where id='" + l1.Text + "'";
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
GridView1.EditIndex = -1;
binddata();
}

protected void GridView1_RowEditing(object sender,
GridViewEditEventArgs e)
{
GridView1.EditIndex = e.NewEditIndex;
binddata();

}
public DataTable load_City()
{
// sqlcon.Open();
DataTable dt = new DataTable();

string sql = "select city from id";
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sql);
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
cmd.Connection = sqlcon;
SqlDataAdapter sd = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd);
sd.Fill(dt);

return dt;

}
protected void GridView1_RowDataBound(object sender,
GridViewRowEventArgs e)
{
DataRowView drv = e.Row.DataItem as DataRowView;
if (e.Row.RowType == DataControlRowType.DataRow)
{
if ((e.Row.RowState & DataControlRowState.Edit) > 0)
{
DropDownList dp = (DropDownList)e.Row.FindControl("dropcity");
DataTable dt = load_City();
for (int i = 0; i < dt.Rows.Count; i++)
{
ListItem lt = new ListItem();
lt.Text = dt.Rows[i][0].ToString();
dp.Items.Add(lt);
}
dp.SelectedValue = drv[1].ToString();
}
}

}
}
}

Paging in Detail View

2009-07-03T10:25:00.000-07:00

 <asp:DetailsView ID="DetailsView1" runat="server"
 AutoGenerateRows="False" 
 DataKeyNames="EmployeeID"
DataSourceID="SqlDataSource1" Height="50px" 
 Width="125px" AllowPaging="true">
    
 <Fields>
 <asp:BoundField DataField="EmployeeID"
 HeaderText="EmployeeID" 
 InsertVisible="False" ReadOnly="True"
SortExpression="EmployeeID" />
 <asp:BoundField DataField="LastName"
HeaderText="LastName" 
 SortExpression="LastName" />
 <asp:BoundField DataField="FirstName"
HeaderText="FirstName" 
 SortExpression="FirstName" />
 <asp:BoundField DataField="Title" HeaderText="Title"
 SortExpression="Title"
/>
 <asp:BoundField DataField="TitleOfCourtesy"
HeaderText="TitleOfCourtesy" 
 SortExpression="TitleOfCourtesy" />
 <asp:BoundField DataField="BirthDate"
HeaderText="BirthDate" 
 SortExpression="BirthDate" />
 </Fields>
 <PagerSettings Mode="NextPreviousFirstLast" 
 FirstPageText="[First Page]" 
 LastPageText="[LastPage]"  
 PreviousPageText="[PreviousPage]" 
 NextPageText="[NextPage]" />
 </asp:DetailsView>
 <br />
 <br />
 <asp:SqlDataSource ID="SqlDataSource1" runat="server" 
 ConnectionString="<
%$ ConnectionStrings:NorthwindConnectionString %>" 
 SelectCommand="SELECT [EmployeeID],
[LastName], [FirstName], [Title],
[TitleOfCourtesy], [BirthDate] FROM [Employees]">
 </asp:SqlDataSource>

Update in Repeater

2009-06-24T00:20:00.001-07:00

Code

public partial class Default2 : System.Web.UI.Page
{
Button b1, b2, b3;
SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection("Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=abhishek;Persist Security Info=True;uid=sa;pwd=com");
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if(!IsPostBack)
{
bindgrid();
}

}

public void bindgrid()
{
SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter("select * from ab", conn);
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
da.Fill(ds);
Repeater1.DataSource = ds;
Repeater1.DataBind();
}
protected void Repeater1_ItemCommand(object source, RepeaterCommandEventArgs e)
{
TextBox t1, t2;
if (e.CommandName =="Edit")
{
t1 = (TextBox)Repeater1.Items[e.Item.ItemIndex].FindControl("id1");
t2 = (TextBox)Repeater1.Items[e.Item.ItemIndex].FindControl("name");
t1.ReadOnly = false;
t2.ReadOnly = false;

b1 = (Button)e.Item.FindControl("b1");
b1.CommandName = "update";
b1.Text = "update";

}
else if (e.CommandName == "update")
{
t1 = (TextBox)Repeater1.Items[e.Item.ItemIndex].FindControl("id1");
t2 = (TextBox)Repeater1.Items[e.Item.ItemIndex].FindControl("name");
int i = int.Parse(t1.Text);

cmd.Connection = conn;
conn.Open();
cmd.CommandText="update ab set name='"+t2.Text+"' where id ='"+i+"'";
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
Repeater1.DataBind();
conn.Close();
bindgrid();

}
if (e.CommandName == "Insert")
{
b3 = (Button)e.Item.FindControl("b3");
b3.Text = "save";
t1 = (TextBox)Repeater1.Items[e.Item.ItemIndex].FindControl("id1");
t2 = (TextBox)Repeater1.Items[e.Item.ItemIndex].FindControl("name");
t1.ReadOnly = false;
t2.ReadOnly = false;
cmd.Connection = conn;
conn.Open();
cmd.CommandText = "insert into ab values('" + t1.Text + "','" + t2.Text + "')";
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
conn.Close();
bindgrid();

}
}

Code

Uploading and Storing Images to Database in ASP.NET

2009-06-22T08:03:00.001-07:00

STEP1: Creating the Database.

The following are the basic steps on how to create a simple database in the Sql Server:

1. Launch Sql Server Management Studion Express and then connect
2. Expand the Databases folder from the Sql Server object explorer
3. Right click on the Databases folder and select “New Database”
4. From the pop up window, input the database name you like and click add
5. Expand the Database folder that you have just added
6. Right click on the Tables folder and select “New Table”
7. Then add the following fields below:

Note: in this demo, I set the Id to auto increment so that the id will be automatically generated for every new added row. To do this select the Column name “Id” and in the column properties set the “Identity Specification” to yes.

Then after adding all the necessary fields, name your Table the way you like. Note that in this demo I name it “TblImages”
STEP2: Setting up the WebForm (UI)

For the simplicity of this demo, I set up the UI like this below:

STEP3: Setting up the Connection String

In your webconfig file set up the connection string there as shown below:

providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />

Note: MyConsString is the name of the Connection String that we can use as a reference in our codes for setting the connection string later.

STEP4: Writing the codes for Saving the binary image to Database.

Here are the code blocks below:

private void StartUpLoad()

{

//get the image file that was posted (binary format)

byte[] theImage = new byte[FileUpload1.PostedFile.ContentLength];

HttpPostedFile Image = FileUpload1.PostedFile;

Image.InputStream.Read(theImage, 0, (int)FileUpload1.PostedFile.ContentLength);

int length = theImage.Length; //get the length of the image

string fileName = FileUpload1.FileName.ToString(); //get the file name of the posted image

string type = FileUpload1.PostedFile.ContentType; //get the type of the posted image

int size = FileUpload1.PostedFile.ContentLength; //get the size in bytes that

if (FileUpload1.PostedFile != null && FileUpload1.PostedFile.FileName != "")

{

//Call the method to execute Insertion of data to the Database

ExecuteInsert(theImage, type, size, fileName, length);

Response.Write("Save Successfully!");

}

}

public string GetConnectionString()

{

//sets the connection string from your web config file "ConnString" is the name of your Connection String

return System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["MyConsString"].ConnectionString;

}

private void ExecuteInsert(byte[] Image, string Type, Int64 Size, string Name, int length)

{

SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(GetConnectionString());

string sql = "INSERT INTO TblImages (Image, ImageType, ImageSize, ImageName) VALUES "

+ " (@img,@type,@imgsize,@imgname)";

try

{

conn.Open();

SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, conn);

SqlParameter[] param = new SqlParameter[4];

//param[0] = new SqlParameter("@id", SqlDbType.Int, 20);

param[0] = new SqlParameter("@img", SqlDbType.Image, length);

param[1] = new SqlParameter("@type", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 50);

param[2] = new SqlParameter("@imgsize", SqlDbType.BigInt, 9999);

param[3] = new SqlParameter("@imgname", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 50);

param[0].Value = Image;

param[1].Value = Type;

param[2].Value = Size;

param[3].Value = Name;

for (int i = 0; i < param.Length; i++)

{

cmd.Parameters.Add(param[i]);

}

cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;

cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();

}

catch (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException ex)

{

string msg = "Insert Error:";

msg += ex.Message;

throw new Exception(msg);

}

finally

{

conn.Close();

}

}

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

}

protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

StartUpLoad();

}

StartUpload() is method that gets all the necessary information from the uploaded file such as the image length, size, type, filename and the image itself in a binary format.

GetConnectionString() is a method that returns the connection string that was set up from the web.config file.

ExecuteInsert() is a method that will executes the insertion of data to the database. This method takes all the necessary data to be inserted in the database.

As you can see the code above is pretty straight forward and self explanatory…

Check out my next example about "Displaying Image to Image Control based on User Selection in ASP.NET"

That’s it! Hope you will find this example useful!

Converting Excel file into Xml

2009-06-20T05:00:00.000-07:00

You can Easily convert Excel Sheet into Xml File by One Click

I am Writing That code Here.

Private Sub Button2_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button2.Click

Dim Str As String = Nothing

Dim src, src2 As String

src = txtExcel.Text// name of .xls File

src2 = txtTablename.Text//name Excel Sheet it take multiple sheet name with seprated by comma

Str = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=" & src & ";Extended Properties=Excel 8.0;"//connecting to Excel

Dim stringItems() As String = src2.Split(",")

Dim count As Integer

For count = 0 To stringItems.Length - 1

Dim dx As New DataSet()

Dim DA As New OleDb.OleDbDataAdapter()

Dim DS As New DataSet()

Dim str2 As String

str2 = "$"

Dim objConn As New OleDb.OleDbConnection(Str)

Dim scomman As String = "select * from [" + stringItems(count) + "$]"

Dim ada As New OleDbDataAdapter(scomman, objConn)

ada.Fill(dx, "transport")

Dim doc As New XmlDataDocument(dx)

doc.Save("C:\" + stringItems(count) + ".xml")

MsgBox("Xml Files Created", MsgBoxStyle.Information, "Xml Converter")

End Sub

Javascript Validation

2009-06-16T07:08:00.000-07:00

function validate_required(field,alerttxt)
{
with (field)
{
if (value==null||value=="")
{
alert(alerttxt);return false;
}
else
{
return true;
}
}
}

Network engineer interview questions

2009-06-12T22:00:00.001-07:00

Network engineer interview questions
OSPF

* Describe OSPF in your own words.
* OSPF areas, the purpose of having each of them
* Types of OSPF LSA, the purpose of each LSA type
* What exact LSA type you can see in different areas
* How OSPF establishes neighboor relation, what the stages are
* If OSPF router is stucked in each stage what the problem is and how to troubleshoot it
* OSPF hierarchy in the single or multi areas. Cool OSPF behavior in broadcast and nonbroadcast
* Draw the diagram of typical OSPF network and explain generally how it works, DR, BDR, election, ASBR, ABR, route redistribution and summarization

STP

* How it works and the purpose
* Diff types (SSTP, MSTP, RSTP) Cisco - PVST/PVST+
* root election
* Diff. port stages and timing for convergence
* Draw the typical diagram and explain how diff types of STP work
* What ports are blocking or forwarding
* How it works if there are topology changes

ACLs

* What are they
* Diff types
* Write an example if you want to allow and to deny…
* Well-known port numbers (DNS - 53 and etc…)

QOS

* What is that
* What is the diff b/w L2 and L3 QoS
* How it works

Network:

* Draw the typical network diagram you have to deal with
* explain how it works
* What part of it you are responsible
* firewall, what is that, how it works, how it is diff from ACLs
* What problems with the network you had had and how you solved it.
* What are the ways to troubleshoot the network, techniques, commands
* network security, ways to achieve it

Switching:

* VLANs
* STP
* How a L2 switch works with broadcast, unicast, multicast, known/unknown traffic
* VRRP, GLBP
* port monitoring and mirroring
* L3 switch, how it works
* PIM sparse and dense modes

^Back to Top
Windows admin interview questions

1. Describe how the DHCP lease is obtained. It’s a four-step process consisting of (a) IP request, (b) IP offer, © IP selection and (d) acknowledgement.
2. I can’t seem to access the Internet, don’t have any access to the corporate network and on ipconfig my address is 169.254.*.*. What happened? The 169.254.*.* netmask is assigned to Windows machines running 98/2000/XP if the DHCP server is not available. The name for the technology is APIPA (Automatic Private Internet Protocol Addressing).
3. We’ve installed a new Windows-based DHCP server, however, the users do not seem to be getting DHCP leases off of it. The server must be authorized first with the Active Directory.
4. How can you force the client to give up the dhcp lease if you have access to the client PC? ipconfig /release
5. What authentication options do Windows 2000 Servers have for remote clients? PAP, SPAP, CHAP, MS-CHAP and EAP.
6. What are the networking protocol options for the Windows clients if for some reason you do not want to use TCP/IP? NWLink (Novell), NetBEUI, AppleTalk (Apple).
7. What is data link layer in the OSI reference model responsible for? Data link layer is located above the physical layer, but below the network layer. Taking raw data bits and packaging them into frames. The network layer will be responsible for addressing the frames, while the physical layer is reponsible for retrieving and sending raw data bits.
8. What is binding order? The order by which the network protocols are used for client-server communications. The most frequently used protocols should be at the top.
9. How do cryptography-based keys ensure the validity of data transferred across the network? Each IP packet is assigned a checksum, so if the checksums do not match on both receiving and transmitting ends, the data was modified or corrupted.
10. Should we deploy IPSEC-based security or certificate-based security? They are really two different technologies. IPSec secures the TCP/IP communication and protects the integrity of the packets. Certificate-based security ensures the validity of authenticated clients and servers.
11. What is LMHOSTS file? It’s a file stored on a host machine that is used to resolve NetBIOS to specific IP addresses.
12. What’s the difference between forward lookup and reverse lookup in DNS? Forward lookup is name-to-address, the reverse lookup is address-to-name.
13. How can you recover a file encrypted using EFS? Use the domain recovery agent.

^Back to Top

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Network engineer/architect interview questions

1. Explain how traceroute, ping, and tcpdump work and what they are used for?
2. Describe a case where you have used these tools to troubleshoot.
3. What is the last major networking problem you troubleshot and solved on your own in the last year?
4. What LAN analyzer tools are you familiar with and describe how you use them to troubleshoot and on what media and network types.
5. Explain the contents of a routing table (default route, next hop, etc.)
6. What routing protocols have you configured?
7. Describe the commands to set up a route.
8. What routing problems have you troubleshot?
9. How do you display a routing table on a Cisco? On a host?
10. How do you use a routing table and for what?
11. What is a route flap?
12. What is a metric?
13. When do you use BGP, IGRP, OSPF, Static Routes?
14. What do you see as current networking security issues (e.g. NFS mounting, spoofing, one time passwords, etc.)?
15. Describe a routing filter and what it does.
16. Describe an access list and what it does.
17. What is a network management system?
18. Describe how SNMP works.
19. Describe the working environment you are currently in, e.g. frequent interruptions, frequent priority shifting, team or individual.
20. What do you use to write documentation? Editor? Mail reader?
21. What platform (s) do you currently work on at your desk?
22. How do you manage multiple concurrent high level projects?
23. Describe a recent short term stressful situation and how you managed it.
24. How do you manage a long term demanding stressful work environment?
25. Have you worked in an assignment based environment, e.g. work request/trouble ticket system, and if so, describe that environment.
26. Describe what network statistics or measurement tools you are familiar with and how you have used them.
27. Describe what a VPN is and how it works.
28. Describe how VoIP works.
29. Describe methods of QoS.
30. How does ToS bit work?

^Back to Top
CCNA/Cisco admin interview questions

1. You need to retrieve a file from the file server for your word processing application, which layer of the OSI model is responsible for this function?
1. Presentation layer
2. Application layer
3. Session layer
4. Transport layer
5. Datalink layer
2. You are working in a word processing program, which is run from the file server. Your data comes back to you in an unintelligible manner. Which layer of the OSI model would you investigate?
1. Application layer
2. Presentation layer
3. Session layer
4. Network layer
5. Datalink layer
3. The IEEE subdivided the datalink layer to provide for environments that need connectionless or connection-oriented services. What are the two layers called?
1. Physical
2. MAC
3. LLC
4. Session
5. IP
4. You are working with graphic translations. Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for code formatting and conversion and graphic standards.
1. Network layer
2. Session layer
3. Transport layer
4. Presentation layer
5. Which is the best definition of encapsulation?
1. Each layer of the OSI model uses encryption to put the PDU from the upper layer into its data field. It adds header and trailer information that is available to its counterpart on the system that will receive it.
2. Data always needs to be tunneled to its destination so encapsulation must be used.
3. Each layer of the OSI model uses compression to put the PDU from the upper layer into its data field. It adds header and trailer information that is available to its counterpart on the system that will receive it.
4. Each layer of the OSI model uses encapsulation to put the PDU from the upper layer into its data field. It adds header and trailer information that is available to its counterpart on the system that will receive it.
6. Routers can be configured using several sources. Select which of the following sources can be used.
1. Console Port
2. Virtual Terminals
3. TFTP Server
4. Floppy disk
5. Removable media
7. Which memory component on a Cisco router contains the dynamic system configuration?
1. ROM
2. NVRAM
3. Flash
4. RAM/DRAM
8. Which combination of keys will allow you to view the previous commands that you typed at the router?
1. ESC-P
2. Ctrl-P
3. Shift-P
4. Alt-P
9. Which commands will display the active configuration parameters?
1. show running-config
2. write term
3. show version
4. display term
10. You are configuring a router, which prompt tells you that you are in the privileged EXEC mode?
1. @
2. >
3. !
4. :
5. #
11. What does the command “IP name-server 255.255.255.255″ accomplish?
1. It disables domain name lookup.
2. It sets the domain name lookup to be a local broadcast.
3. This is an illegal command.
4. The command is now defunct and has been replaced by “IP server-name ip any”
12. The following selections show the command prompt and the configuration of the IP network mask. Which two are correct?
1. Router(config-if)#netmask-format { bitcount | decimal | hexadecimal }
2. Router#term IP netmask-format { bitcount | decimal | hexadecimal }
3. Router(config-if)#IP netmask-format { bitcount | decimal | hexadecimal }
4. Router#ip netmask-format { bitcount | decimal | hexadecimal }
13. Which layer is responsible for flow control with sliding windows and reliability with sequence numbers and acknowledgments?
1. Transport
2. Application
3. Internet
4. Network Interface
14. Which processes does TCP, but not UDP, use?
1. Windowing
2. Acknowledgements
3. Source Port
4. Destination Port
15. Select which protocols use distance vector routing?
1. OSPF
2. RIP
3. IGRP
4. PPP

^Back to Top

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Networking and Unix interview questions

What is UTP?

UTP — Unshielded twisted pair 10BASE-T is the preferred Ethernet medium of the 90s. It is based on a star topology and provides a number of advantages over coaxial media:

It uses inexpensive, readily available copper phone wire. UTP wire is much easier to install and debug than coax. UTP uses RG-45 connectors, which are cheap and reliable.

What is a router? What is a gateway?

Routers are machines that direct a packet through the maze of networks that stand between its source and destination. Normally a router is used for internal networks while a gateway acts a door for the packet to reach the ‘outside’ of the internal network

What is Semaphore? What is deadlock?

Semaphore is a synchronization tool to solve critical-section problem, can be used to control access to the critical section for a process or thread. The main disadvantage (same of mutual-exclusion) is require busy waiting. It will create problems in a multiprogramming system, where a single CPU is shared among many processes.

Busy waiting wastes CPU cycles.

Deadlock is a situation when two or more processes are waiting indefinitely for an event that can be caused by only one of the waiting processes. The implementation of a semaphore with a waiting queue may result in this situation.

What is Virtual Memory?

Virtual memory is a technique that allows the execution of processes that may not be completely in memory. A separation of user logical memory from physical memory allows an extremely large virtual memory to be provided for programmers when only a smaller physical memory is available. It is commonly implemented by demand paging. A demand paging system is similar to a paging system with swapping. Processes reside on secondary memory (which is usually a disk). When we want to execute a process, we swap it into memory.

Explain the layered aspect of a UNIX system. What are the layers? What does it mean to say they are layers?

A UNIX system has essentially three main layers:

. The hardware

. The operating system kernel

. The user-level programs

The kernel hides the system’s hardware underneath an abstract, high-level programming interface. It is responsible for implementing many of the facilities that users and user-level programs take for granted.

The kernel assembles all of the following UNIX concepts from lower-level hardware features:

. Processes (time-sharing, protected address space)

. Signals and semaphores

. Virtual Memory (swapping, paging, and mapping)

. The filesystem (files, directories, namespace)

. Pipes and network connections (inter-process communication)

C++ code job interviews

2009-06-12T21:58:00.000-07:00

: Write a short code using C++ to print out all odd number from 1 to 100 using a for loop(Asked by Intacct.com people)

for( unsigned int i = 1; i < = 100; i++ )
if( i & 0x00000001 )
cout << i<<\",\";

ISO layers and what layer is the IP operated from?( Asked by Cisco system people)

cation, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data link and Physical. The IP is operated in the Network layer.

3.Q: Write a program that ask for user input from 5 to 9 then calculate the average( Asked by Cisco system people)

A.int main()
{
int MAX=4;
int total =0;
int average=0;
int numb;
cout<<"Please enter your input from 5 to 9";
cin>>numb;
if((numb <5)&&(numb>9))
cout<<"please re type your input";
else
for(i=0;i<=MAX; i++)
{
total = total + numb;
average= total /MAX;
}
cout<<"The average number is">>average<
return 0;
}

4.Q: Can you be bale to identify between Straight- through and Cross- over cable wiring? and in what case do you use Straight- through and Cross-over? (Asked by Cisco system people)

A. Straight-through is type of wiring that is one to to one connection Cross- over is type of wiring which those wires are got switched

We use Straight-through cable when we connect between NIC Adapter and Hub. Using Cross-over cable when connect between two NIC Adapters or sometime between two hubs.

5.Q: If you hear the CPU fan is running and the monitor power is still on, but you did not see any thing show up in the monitor screen. What would you do to find out what is going wrong? (Asked by WNI people)

A. I would use the ping command to check whether the machine is still alive(connect to the network) or it is dead.

^Back to Top
C++ object-oriented interview questions

1. How do you write a function that can reverse a linked-list? (Cisco System)

void reverselist(void)
{
if(head==0)
return;
if(head->next==0)
return;
if(head->next==tail)
{
head->next = 0;
tail->next = head;
}
else
{
node* pre = head;
node* cur = head->next;
node* curnext = cur->next;
head->next = 0;
cur->next = head;

for(; curnext!=0; )
{
cur->next = pre;
pre = cur;
cur = curnext;
curnext = curnext->next;
}

curnext->next = cur;
}
}

2. What is polymorphism?

Polymorphism is the idea that a base class can be inherited by several classes. A base class pointer can point to its child class and a base class array can store different child class objects.

3. How do you find out if a linked-list has an end? (i.e. the list is not a cycle)

You can find out by using 2 pointers. One of them goes 2 nodes each time. The second one goes at 1 nodes each time. If there is a cycle, the one that goes 2 nodes each time will eventually meet the one that goes slower. If that is the case, then you will know the linked-list is a cycle.

4. How can you tell what shell you are running on UNIX system?

You can do the Echo $RANDOM. It will return a undefined variable if you are from the C-Shell, just a return prompt if you are from the Bourne shell, and a 5 digit random numbers if you are from the Korn shell. You could also do a ps -l and look for the shell with the highest PID.

5. What is Boyce Codd Normal form?

A relation schema R is in BCNF with respect to a set F of functional dependencies if for all functional dependencies in F+ of the form a->b, where a and b is a subset of R, at least one of the following holds:

* a->b is a trivial functional dependency (b is a subset of a)
* a is a superkey for schema R

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Interview questions on C/C++

A reader submitted the interview questions he was asked. More C/C++ questions will be added here, as people keep sending us a set of 2-3 questions they got on their job itnerview.

Q1: Tell how to check whether a linked list is circular.

A: Create two pointers, each set to the start of the list. Update each as follows:

while (pointer1) {
pointer1 = pointer1->next;
pointer2 = pointer2->next; if (pointer2) pointer2=pointer2->next;
if (pointer1 == pointer2) {
print (\"circular\n\");
}
}

Q2: OK, why does this work?

If a list is circular, at some point pointer2 will wrap around and be either at the item just before pointer1, or the item before that. Either way, it’s either 1 or 2 jumps until they meet.

How can you quickly find the number of elements stored in a a) static array b) dynamic array ?

Why is it difficult to store linked list in an array?

How can you find the nodes with repetetive data in a linked list?

Write a prog to accept a given string in any order and flash error if any of the character is different. For example : If abc is the input then abc, bca, cba, cab bac are acceptable but aac or bcd are unacceptable.

This is a C question that I had for an intern position at Microsoft: Write out a function that prints out all the permutations of a string. For example, abc would give you abc, acb, bac, bca, cab, cba. You can assume that all the characters will be unique. After I wrote out my function, he asked me to figure out from the code how many times the printf statement is run, and also questions on optimizing my algorithm.

What’s the output of the following program? Why?

#include
main()
{
typedef union
{
int a;
char b[10];
float c;
}
Union;

Union x,y = {100};
x.a = 50;
strcpy(x.b,\"hello\");
x.c = 21.50;

printf(\"Union x : %d %s %f \n\",x.a,x.b,x.c );
printf(\"Union y :%d %s%f \n\",y.a,y.b,y.c);
}

Given inputs X, Y, Z and operations | and & (meaning bitwise OR and AND, respectively)

What is output equal to in

output = (X & Y) | (X & Z) | (Y & Z)

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C++ gamedev interview questions

This set of questions came from a prominent gaming company. As you can see, the answers are not given (the interviews are typically conducted by senior developers), but there’s a set of notes with common mistakes to avoid.

1. Explain which of the following declarations will compile and what will be constant - a pointer or the value pointed at:
* const char *
* char const *
* char * const

Note: Ask the candidate whether the first declaration is pointing to a string or a single character. Both explanations are correct, but if he says that it’s a single character pointer, ask why a whole string is initialized as char* in C++. If he says this is a string declaration, ask him to declare a pointer to a single character. Competent candidates should not have problems pointing out why const char* can be both a character and a string declaration, incompetent ones will come up with invalid reasons.
2. You’re given a simple code for the class BankCustomer. Write the following functions:
* Copy constructor
* = operator overload
* == operator overload
* + operator overload (customers’ balances should be added up, as an example of joint account between husband and wife)

Note:Anyone confusing assignment and equality operators should be dismissed from the interview. The applicant might make a mistake of passing by value, not by reference. The candidate might also want to return a pointer, not a new object, from the addition operator. Slightly hint that you’d like the value to be changed outside the function, too, in the first case. Ask him whether the statement customer3 = customer1 + customer2 would work in the second case.
3. What problems might the following macro bring to the application?

#define sq(x) x*x

4. Consider the following struct declarations:

struct A { A(){ cout << \"A\"; } };
struct B { B(){ cout << \"B\"; } };
struct C { C(){ cout << \"C\"; } };
struct D { D(){ cout << \"D\"; } };
struct E : D { E(){ cout << \"E\"; } };
struct F : A, B
{
C c;
D d;
E e;
F() : B(), A(),d(),c(),e() { cout << \"F\"; }
};

What constructors will be called when an instance of F is initialized? Produce the program output when this happens.
5. Anything wrong with this code?

T *p = new T[10];
delete p;

Note: Incorrect replies: “No, everything is correct”, “Only the first element of the array will be deleted”, “The entire array will be deleted, but only the first element destructor will be called”.
6. Anything wrong with this code?

T *p = 0;
delete p;

Note: Typical wrong answer: Yes, the program will crash in an attempt to delete a null pointer. The candidate does not understand pointers. A very smart candidate will ask whether delete is overloaded for the class T.
7. Explain virtual inheritance. Draw the diagram explaining the initialization of the base class when virtual inheritance is used.
Note: Typical mistake for applicant is to draw an inheritance diagram, where a single base class is inherited with virtual methods. Explain to the candidate that this is not virtual inheritance. Ask them for the classic definition of virtual inheritance. Such question might be too complex for a beginning or even intermediate developer, but any applicant with advanced C++ experience should be somewhat familiar with the concept, even though he’ll probably say he’d avoid using it in a real project. Moreover, even the experienced developers, who know about virtual inheritance, cannot coherently explain the initialization process. If you find a candidate that knows both the concept and the initialization process well, he’s hired.
8. What’s potentially wrong with the following code?

long value;
//some stuff
value &= 0xFFFF;

Note: Hint to the candidate about the base platform they’re developing for. If the person still doesn’t find anything wrong with the code, they are not experienced with C++.
9. What does the following code do and why would anyone write something like that?

void send (int *to, int * from, int count)
{
int n = (count + 7) / 8;
switch ( count % 8)
{
case 0: do { *to++ = *from++;
case 7: *to++ = *from++;
case 6: *to++ = *from++;
case 5: *to++ = *from++;
case 4: *to++ = *from++;
case 3: *to++ = *from++;
case 2: *to++ = *from++;
case 1: *to++ = *from++;
} while ( --n > 0 );
}
}

10. In the H file you see the following declaration:

class Foo {
void Bar( void ) const ;
};

Tell me all you know about the Bar() function.

JDBC and JSP interview questions

2009-06-12T21:57:00.002-07:00

JDBC and JSP interview questions

1. What is the query used to display all tables names in SQL Server (Query analyzer)?

select * from information_schema.tables

2. How many types of JDBC Drivers are present and what are they?- There are 4 types of JDBC Drivers
* JDBC-ODBC Bridge Driver
* Native API Partly Java Driver
* Network protocol Driver
* JDBC Net pure Java Driver
3. Can we implement an interface in a JSP?- No
4. What is the difference between ServletContext and PageContext?- ServletContext: Gives the information about the container. PageContext: Gives the information about the Request
5. What is the difference in using request.getRequestDispatcher() and context.getRequestDispatcher()?- request.getRequestDispatcher(path): In order to create it we need to give the relative path of the resource, context.getRequestDispatcher(path): In order to create it we need to give the absolute path of the resource.
6. How to pass information from JSP to included JSP?- Using <%jsp:param> tag.
7. What is the difference between directive include and jsp include?- <%@ include>: Used to include static resources during translation time. JSP include: Used to include dynamic content or static content during runtime.
8. What is the difference between RequestDispatcher and sendRedirect?- RequestDispatcher: server-side redirect with request and response objects. sendRedirect : Client-side redirect with new request and response objects.
9. How does JSP handle runtime exceptions?- Using errorPage attribute of page directive and also we need to specify isErrorPage=true if the current page is intended to URL redirecting of a JSP.
10. How do you delete a Cookie within a JSP?

Cookie mycook = new Cookie(\"name\",\"value\");
response.addCookie(mycook);
Cookie killmycook = new Cookie(\"mycook\",\"value\");
killmycook.setMaxAge(0);
killmycook.setPath(\"/\");
killmycook.addCookie(killmycook);

11. How do I mix JSP and SSI #include?- If you’re just including raw HTML, use the #include directive as usual inside your .jsp file.

But it’s a little trickier if you want the server to evaluate any JSP code that’s inside the included file. If your data.inc file contains jsp code you will have to use

<%@ vinclude="data.inc" %>

The is used for including non-JSP files.
12. I made my class Cloneable but I still get Can’t access protected method clone. Why?- Some of the Java books imply that all you have to do in order to have your class support clone() is implement the Cloneable interface. Not so. Perhaps that was the intent at some point, but that’s not the way it works currently. As it stands, you have to implement your own public clone() method, even if it doesn’t do anything special and just calls super.clone().
13. Why is XML such an important development?- It removes two constraints which were holding back Web developments: dependence on a single, inflexible document type (HTML) which was being much abused for tasks it was never designed for; the complexity of full SGML, whose syntax allows many powerful but hard-to-program options. XML allows the flexible development of user-defined document types. It provides a robust, non-proprietary, persistent, and verifiable file format for the storage and transmission of text and data both on and off the Web; and it removes the more complex options of SGML, making it easier to program for.
14. What is the fastest type of JDBC driver?- JDBC driver performance will depend on a number of issues:
* the quality of the driver code,
* the size of the driver code,
* the database server and its load,
* network topology,
* the number of times your request is translated to a different API.

In general, all things being equal, you can assume that the more your request and response change hands, the slower it will be. This means that Type 1 and Type 3 drivers will be slower than Type 2 drivers (the database calls are make at least three translations versus two), and Type 4 drivers are the fastest (only one translation).
15. How do I find whether a parameter exists in the request object?

boolean hasFoo = !(request.getParameter(\"foo\") == null
|| request.getParameter(\"foo\").equals(\"\"));

or

boolean hasParameter =
request.getParameterMap().contains(theParameter); //(which works in Servlet 2.3+)

16. How can I send user authentication information while makingURLConnection?- You’ll want to use HttpURLConnection.setRequestProperty and set all the appropriate headers to HTTP authorization.

Sql server

2009-06-12T21:57:00.001-07:00

1. What is normalization? - Well a relational database is basically composed of tables that contain related data. So the Process of organizing this data into tables is actually referred to as normalization.
2. What is a Stored Procedure? - Its nothing but a set of T-SQL statements combined to perform a single task of several tasks. Its basically like a Macro so when you invoke the Stored procedure, you actually run a set of statements.
3. Can you give an example of Stored Procedure? - sp_helpdb , sp_who2, sp_renamedb are a set of system defined stored procedures. We can also have user defined stored procedures which can be called in similar way.
4. What is a trigger? - Triggers are basically used to implement business rules. Triggers is also similar to stored procedures. The difference is that it can be activated when data is added or edited or deleted from a table in a database.
5. What is a view? - If we have several tables in a db and we want to view only specific columns from specific tables we can go for views. It would also suffice the needs of security some times allowing specfic users to see only specific columns based on the permission that we can configure on the view. Views also reduce the effort that is required for writing queries to access specific columns every time.
6. What is an Index? - When queries are run against a db, an index on that db basically helps in the way the data is sorted to process the query for faster and data retrievals are much faster when we have an index.
7. What are the types of indexes available with SQL Server? - There are basically two types of indexes that we use with the SQL Server. Clustered and the Non-Clustered.
8. What is the basic difference between clustered and a non-clustered index? - The difference is that, Clustered index is unique for any given table and we can have only one clustered index on a table. The leaf level of a clustered index is the actual data and the data is resorted in case of clustered index. Whereas in case of non-clustered index the leaf level is actually a pointer to the data in rows so we can have as many non-clustered indexes as we can on the db.
9. What are cursors? - Well cursors help us to do an operation on a set of data that we retreive by commands such as Select columns from table. For example : If we have duplicate records in a table we can remove it by declaring a cursor which would check the records during retreival one by one and remove rows which have duplicate values.
10. When do we use the UPDATE_STATISTICS command? - This command is basically used when we do a large processing of data. If we do a large amount of deletions any modification or Bulk Copy into the tables, we need to basically update the indexes to take these changes into account. UPDATE_STATISTICS updates the indexes on these tables accordingly.
11. Which TCP/IP port does SQL Server run on? - SQL Server runs on port 1433 but we can also change it for better security.
12. From where can you change the default port? - From the Network Utility TCP/IP properties –> Port number.both on client and the server.
13. Can you tell me the difference between DELETE & TRUNCATE commands? - Delete command removes the rows from a table based on the condition that we provide with a WHERE clause. Truncate will actually remove all the rows from a table and there will be no data in the table after we run the truncate command.
14. Can we use Truncate command on a table which is referenced by FOREIGN KEY? - No. We cannot use Truncate command on a table with Foreign Key because of referential integrity.
15. What is the use of DBCC commands? - DBCC stands for database consistency checker. We use these commands to check the consistency of the databases, i.e., maintenance, validation task and status checks.
16. Can you give me some DBCC command options?(Database consistency check) - DBCC CHECKDB - Ensures that tables in the db and the indexes are correctly linked.and DBCC CHECKALLOC - To check that all pages in a db are correctly allocated. DBCC SQLPERF - It gives report on current usage of transaction log in percentage. DBCC CHECKFILEGROUP - Checks all tables file group for any damage.
17. What command do we use to rename a db? - sp_renamedb ‘oldname’ , ‘newname’
18. Well sometimes sp_reanmedb may not work you know because if some one is using the db it will not accept this command so what do you think you can do in such cases? - In such cases we can first bring to db to single user using sp_dboptions and then we can rename that db and then we can rerun the sp_dboptions command to remove the single user mode.
19. What is the difference between a HAVING CLAUSE and a WHERE CLAUSE? - Having Clause is basically used only with the GROUP BY function in a query. WHERE Clause is applied to each row before they are part of the GROUP BY function in a query.
20. What do you mean by COLLATION? - Collation is basically the sort order. There are three types of sort order Dictionary case sensitive, Dictonary - case insensitive and Binary.
21. What is a Join in SQL Server? - Join actually puts data from two or more tables into a single result set.
22. Can you explain the types of Joins that we can have with Sql Server? - There are three types of joins: Inner Join, Outer Join, Cross Join
23. When do you use SQL Profiler? - SQL Profiler utility allows us to basically track connections to the SQL Server and also determine activities such as which SQL Scripts are running, failed jobs etc..
24. What is a Linked Server? - Linked Servers is a concept in SQL Server by which we can add other SQL Server to a Group and query both the SQL Server dbs using T-SQL Statements.
25. Can you link only other SQL Servers or any database servers such as Oracle? - We can link any server provided we have the OLE-DB provider from Microsoft to allow a link. For Oracle we have a OLE-DB provider for oracle that microsoft provides to add it as a linked server to the sql server group.
26. Which stored procedure will you be running to add a linked server? - sp_addlinkedserver, sp_addlinkedsrvlogin
27. What are the OS services that the SQL Server installation adds? - MS SQL SERVER SERVICE, SQL AGENT SERVICE, DTC (Distribution transac co-ordinator)
28. Can you explain the role of each service? - SQL SERVER - is for running the databases SQL AGENT - is for automation such as Jobs, DB Maintanance, Backups DTC - Is for linking and connecting to other SQL Servers
29. How do you troubleshoot SQL Server if its running very slow? - First check the processor and memory usage to see that processor is not above 80% utilization and memory not above 40-45% utilization then check the disk utilization using Performance Monitor, Secondly, use SQL Profiler to check for the users and current SQL activities and jobs running which might be a problem. Third would be to run UPDATE_STATISTICS command to update the indexes
30. Lets say due to N/W or Security issues client is not able to connect to server or vice versa. How do you troubleshoot? - First I will look to ensure that port settings are proper on server and client Network utility for connections. ODBC is properly configured at client end for connection ——Makepipe & readpipe are utilities to check for connection. Makepipe is run on Server and readpipe on client to check for any connection issues.
31. What are the authentication modes in SQL Server? - Windows mode and mixed mode (SQL & Windows).
32. Where do you think the users names and passwords will be stored in sql server? - They get stored in master db in the sysxlogins table.
33. What is log shipping? Can we do logshipping with SQL Server 7.0 - Logshipping is a new feature of SQL Server 2000. We should have two SQL Server - Enterprise Editions. From Enterprise Manager we can configure the logshipping. In logshipping the transactional log file from one server is automatically updated into the backup database on the other server. If one server fails, the other server will have the same db and we can use this as the DR (disaster recovery) plan.
34. Let us say the SQL Server crashed and you are rebuilding the databases including the master database what procedure to you follow? - For restoring the master db we have to stop the SQL Server first and then from command line we can type SQLSERVER .m which will basically bring it into the maintenance mode after which we can restore the master db.
35. Let us say master db itself has no backup. Now you have to rebuild the db so what kind of action do you take? - (I am not sure- but I think we have a command to do it).
36. What is BCP? When do we use it? - BulkCopy is a tool used to copy huge amount of data from tables and views. But it won’t copy the structures of the same.
37. What should we do to copy the tables, schema and views from one SQL Server to another? - We have to write some DTS packages for it.
38. What are the different types of joins and what dies each do?
39. What are the four main query statements?
40. What is a sub-query? When would you use one?
41. What is a NOLOCK?
42. What are three SQL keywords used to change or set someone’s permissions?
43. What is the difference between HAVING clause and the WHERE clause?
44. What is referential integrity? What are the advantages of it?
45. What is database normalization?
46. Which command using Query Analyzer will give you the version of SQL server and operating system?
47. Using query analyzer, name 3 ways you can get an accurate count of the number of records in a table?
48. What is the purpose of using COLLATE in a query?
49. What is a trigger?
50. What is one of the first things you would do to increase performance of a query? For example, a boss tells you that “a query that ran yesterday took 30 seconds, but today it takes 6 minutes”
51. What is an execution plan? When would you use it? How would you view the execution plan?
52. What is the STUFF function and how does it differ from the REPLACE function?
53. What does it mean to have quoted_identifier on? What are the implications of having it off?
54. What are the different types of replication? How are they used?
55. What is the difference between a local and a global variable?
56. What is the difference between a Local temporary table and a Global temporary table? How is each one used?
57. What are cursors? Name four types of cursors and when each one would be applied?
58. What is the purpose of UPDATE STATISTICS?
59. How do you use DBCC statements to monitor various aspects of a SQL server installation?
60. How do you load large data to the SQL server database?
61. How do you check the performance of a query and how do you optimize it?
62. How do SQL server 2000 and XML linked? Can XML be used to access data?
63. What is SQL server agent?
64. What is referential integrity and how is it achieved?
65. What is indexing?
66. What is normalization and what are the different forms of normalizations?
67. Difference between server.transfer and server.execute method?
68. What id de-normalization and when do you do it?
69. What is better - 2nd Normal form or 3rd normal form? Why?
70. Can we rewrite subqueries into simple select statements or with joins? Example?
71. What is a function? Give some example?
72. What is a stored procedure?
73. Difference between Function and Procedure-in general?
74. Difference between Function and Stored Procedure?
75. Can a stored procedure call another stored procedure. If yes what level and can it be controlled?
76. Can a stored procedure call itself(recursive). If yes what level and can it be controlled.?
77. How do you find the number of rows in a table?
78. Difference between Cluster and Non-cluster index?
79. What is a table called, if it does not have neither Cluster nor Non-cluster Index?
80. Explain DBMS, RDBMS?
81. Explain basic SQL queries with SELECT from where Order By, Group By-Having?
82. Explain the basic concepts of SQL server architecture?
83. Explain couple pf features of SQL server
84. Scalability, Availability, Integration with internet, etc.)?
85. Explain fundamentals of Data ware housing & OLAP?
86. Explain the new features of SQL server 2000?
87. How do we upgrade from SQL Server 6.5 to 7.0 and 7.0 to 2000?
88. What is data integrity? Explain constraints?
89. Explain some DBCC commands?
90. Explain sp_configure commands, set commands?
91. Explain what are db_options used for?
92. What is the basic functions for master, msdb, tempdb databases?
93. What is a job?
94. What are tasks?
95. What are primary keys and foreign keys?
96. How would you Update the rows which are divisible by 10, given a set of numbers in column?
97. If a stored procedure is taking a table data type, how it looks?
98. How m-m relationships are implemented?
99. How do you know which index a table is using?
100. How will oyu test the stored procedure taking two parameters namely first name and last name returning full name?
101. How do you find the error, how can you know the number of rows effected by last SQL statement?
102. How can you get @@error and @@rowcount at the same time?
103. What are sub-queries? Give example? In which case sub-queries are not feasible?
104. What are the type of joins? When do we use Outer and Self joins?
105. Which virtual table does a trigger use?
106. How do you measure the performance of a stored procedure?
107. Questions regarding Raiseerror?
108. Questions on identity?
109. If there is failure during updation of certain rows, what will be the state?

Orcale

2009-06-12T21:54:00.000-07:00

Interview questions for Oracle database administrator

1. Differentiate between TRUNCATE and DELETE
2. What is the maximum buffer size that can be specified using the DBMS_OUTPUT.ENABLE function?
3. Can you use a commit statement within a database trigger?
4. What is an UTL_FILE.What are different procedures and functions associated with it?
5. Difference between database triggers and form triggers?
6. What is OCI. What are its uses?
7. What are ORACLE PRECOMPILERS?
8. What is syntax for dropping a procedure and a function? Are these operations possible?
9. Can a function take OUT parameters. If not why?
10. Can the default values be assigned to actual parameters?
11. What is difference between a formal and an actual parameter?
12. What are different modes of parameters used in functions and procedures?
13. Difference between procedure and function.
14. Can cursor variables be stored in PL/SQL tables.If yes how. If not why?
15. How do you pass cursor variables in PL/SQL?
16. How do you open and close a cursor variable.Why it is required?
17. What should be the return type for a cursor variable.Can we use a scalar data type as return type?
18. What is use of a cursor variable? How it is defined?
19. What WHERE CURRENT OF clause does in a cursor?
20. Difference between NO DATA FOUND and %NOTFOUND
21. What is a cursor for loop?
22. What are cursor attributes?
23. Difference between an implicit & an explicit cursor.
24. What is a cursor?
25. What is the purpose of a cluster?
26. How do you find the numbert of rows in a Table ?
27. Display the number value in Words?
28. What is a pseudo column. Give some examples?
29. How you will avoid your query from using indexes?
30. What is a OUTER JOIN?
31. Which is more faster - IN or EXISTS?
32. When do you use WHERE clause and when do you use HAVING clause?
33. There is a % sign in one field of a column. What will be the query to find it?
34. What is difference between SUBSTR and INSTR?
35. Which datatype is used for storing graphics and images?
36. What is difference between SQL and SQL*PLUS?
37. What is difference between UNIQUE and PRIMARY KEY constraints?
38. What is difference between Rename and Alias?
39. What are various joins used while writing SUBQUERIES?

Sqlserver Interview questions

2009-06-08T21:27:00.000-07:00

What is RDBMS?
Relational Data Base Management Systems (RDBMS) are database management systems
that maintain data records and indices in tables. Relationships may be created and
maintained across and among the data and tables. In a relational database, relationships
between data items are expressed by means of tables. Interdependencies among these
tables are expressed by data values rather than by pointers. This allows a high degree of
data independence. An RDBMS has the capability to recombine the data items from
different files, providing powerful tools for data usage. (Read More Here)

What are the properties of the Relational tables?
Relational tables have six properties:
• Values are atomic.
• Column values are of the same kind.
• Each row is unique.
• The sequence of columns is insignificant.
• The sequence of rows is insignificant.
• Each column must have a unique name.

What is Normalization?
Database normalization is a data design and organization process applied to data structures
based on rules that help building relational databases. In relational database design, the
process of organizing data to minimize redundancy is called normalization. Normalization
usually involves dividing a database into two or more tables and defining relationships
between the tables. The objective is to isolate data so that additions, deletions, and
modifications of a field can be made in just one table and then propagated through the rest
of the database via the defined relationships.

What is De‐normalization?
De‐normalization is the process of attempting to optimize the performance of a database by
adding redundant data. It is sometimes necessary because current DBMSs implement the
relational model poorly. A true relational DBMS would allow for a fully normalized database
at the logical level, while providing physical storage of data that is tuned for high
performance. De‐normalization is a technique to move from higher to lower normal forms
of database modeling in order to speed up database access.

What are different normalization forms?

1NF: Eliminate Repeating Groups
Make a separate table for each set of related attributes, and give each table a primary key.
Each field contains at most one value from its attribute domain.

2NF: Eliminate Redundant Data
If an attribute depends on only part of a multi‐valued key, remove it to a separate table.

3NF: Eliminate Columns Not Dependent On Key
If attributes do not contribute to a description of the key, remove them to a separate table.
All attributes must be directly dependent on the primary key. (Read More Here)

BCNF: Boyce‐Codd Normal Form
If there are non‐trivial dependencies between candidate key attributes, separate them out
into distinct tables.

4NF: Isolate Independent Multiple Relationships
No table may contain two or more 1:n or n:m relationships that are not directly related.

5NF: Isolate Semantically Related Multiple Relationships
There may be practical constrains on information that justify separating logically related
many‐to‐many relationships.
ONF: Optimal Normal Form
A model limited to only simple (elemental) facts, as expressed in Object Role Model
notation.

DKNF: Domain‐Key Normal Form
A model free from all modification anomalies is said to be in DKNF.

Remember, these normalization guidelines are cumulative. For a database to be in 3NF, it
must first fulfill all the criteria of a 2NF and 1NF database.

What is Stored Procedure?
A stored procedure is a named group of SQL statements that have been previously created
and stored in the server database. Stored procedures accept input parameters so that a
single procedure can be used over the network by several clients using different input data.
And when the procedure is modified, all clients automatically get the new version. Stored
procedures reduce network traffic and improve performance. Stored procedures can be
used to help ensure the integrity of the database.
e.g. sp_helpdb, sp_renamedb, sp_depends etc.

What is Trigger?
A trigger is a SQL procedure that initiates an action when an event (INSERT, DELETE or
UPDATE) occurs. Triggers are stored in and managed by the DBMS. Triggers are used to
maintain the referential integrity of data by changing the data in a systematic fashion. A
trigger cannot be called or executed; DBMS automatically fires the trigger as a result of a
data modification to the associated table. Triggers can be viewed as similar to stored
procedures in that both consist of procedural logic that is stored at the database level.
Stored procedures, however, are not event‐drive and are not attached to a specific table as
triggers are. Stored procedures are explicitly executed by invoking a CALL to the procedure
while triggers are implicitly executed. In addition, triggers can also execute stored
procedures.

Nested Trigger: A trigger can also contain INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE logic within itself, so
when the trigger is fired because of data modification it can also cause another data
modification, thereby firing another trigger. A trigger that contains data modification logic
within itself is called a nested trigger.
What is View?
A simple view can be thought of as a subset of a table. It can be used for retrieving data, as
well as updating or deleting rows. Rows updated or deleted in the view are updated or
deleted in the table the view was created with. It should also be noted that as data in the
original table changes, so does data in the view, as views are the way to look at part of the
original table. The results of using a view are not permanently stored in the database. The
data accessed through a view is actually constructed using standard T‐SQL select command
and can come from one to many different base tables or even other views.

What is Index?
An index is a physical structure containing pointers to the data. Indices are created in an
existing table to locate rows more quickly and efficiently. It is possible to create an index on
one or more columns of a table, and each index is given a name. The users cannot see the
indexes; they are just used to speed up queries. Effective indexes are one of the best ways
to improve performance in a database application. A table scan happens when there is no
index available to help a query. In a table scan SQL Server examines every row in the table
to satisfy the query results. Table scans are sometimes unavoidable, but on large tables,
scans have a terrific impact on performance.

Delete multifile entry from gridview

2009-05-31T05:33:00.000-07:00

AutoGenerateColumns="False"
DataSourceID="SqlDataSource1"
ShowFooter="true">

OnClick="btnDelete_Click"
OnClientClick="return DeleteConfirmation();"/>

HeaderText="ID"
SortExpression="ID" />
HeaderText="Title"
SortExpression="Title" />
HeaderText="Director"
SortExpression="Director" />
HeaderText="Date"
SortExpression="date" />
HeaderText="BoxOfficeTotal"
SortExpression="boxofficetotal" />

create your data source which can be sql , access whatever u want ..........

C# code

using System;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Data;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page
{
string strcon = "Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=pubs;Persist Security Info=True;User ID=sa;Password=sa";
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{

}
protected void btnDelete_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
StringCollection idCollection = new StringCollection();
string strID = string.Empty;

//Loop through GridView rows to find checked rows
for (int i = 0; i < GridView1.Rows.Count; i++)
{
CheckBox chkDelete = (CheckBox)
GridView1.Rows[i].Cells[0].FindControl("chkSelect");
if (chkDelete != null)
{
if (chkDelete.Checked)
{
strID = GridView1.Rows[i].Cells[1].Text;
idCollection.Add(strID);
}
}
}

//Call the method to Delete records
DeleteMultipleRecords(idCollection);

// rebind the GridView
GridView1.DataBind();
}
private void DeleteMultipleRecords
(StringCollection idCollection)
{
//Create sql Connection and Sql Command
SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(strcon);
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
string IDs = "";

foreach (string id in idCollection)
{
IDs += id.ToString() + ",";
}
try
{
string strIDs =
IDs.Substring(0, IDs.LastIndexOf(","));
string strSql = "Delete from movie WHERE id in (" + strIDs + ")";
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
cmd.CommandText = strSql;
cmd.Connection = con;
con.Open();
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
}
catch (SqlException ex)
{
string errorMsg = "Error in Deletion";
errorMsg += ex.Message;
throw new Exception(errorMsg);
}
finally
{
con.Close();
}
}
}

VB.NET QUESTION

2009-05-26T07:50:00.001-07:00

VB.NET QUESTION

Question:-Can you define what is Jagged Array in VB.NET ?
Answer: Jagged array is multidimensional array. If jagged array is two dimensinal it also contain a table where each row can have a different number of columns.
A jagged array is really an array of arrays. To create a jagged array, you declare the array of arrays with multiple sets of parentheses or brackets and indicate the size of the jagged array in the first set of brackets.

Question:-What is DataType conversion in VB.NET ?
Answer: Convert one variable type to another one is called datatype conversion we can also caleed this casting in VB.NET some automatically conversion is also there.
Cbool CByte CChar Cdate CDec CDbl CInt CLng CObj CShort CSng CStr CType Asc.

Question:-What do u mean by Redim in VB.NET ?
Answer: In vb.net we use Redim and erase to manipulate Array. Once we declare an array the size set to array its makes limited to that range but with the help of redim we used to change the array size.
Redim arr(6)
we can also used preserve to save these values.
Redim Preserve arr(6)

Question:- What is branching logic control in vb.net ?
Answer: Function and subroutines are the answer.The diffrence in two of them is function send information back from where it is called means function can return a value but subroutines can not do this.

Question:-Write the role of New keyword ?
Answer: New is used to initialize a new object. We sets a variable to any dattype with help of New keyword .The New keyword gives a value to the variable.We can also uses new keyword to initialize an object variable.
Example:- dim obj as new SqlDataAdapter.

Question: What is diffrenet between import System.Data.SqlClient,System.Data.Oledb ?
Answer: System.Data.OleDB It contains the objects that we use to connect to a data source via an OleDB provider , such as OleDbConnection, OleDBCOmmand. System.Data.SqlClient It contains objects that we use to connect to a data source via Tabular data stream interface provided by Microsoft Sql Server. This can be generally used to provide better performance because it removes some of the intermediate layers required by the OleDB provider.

Question: What is the difference between DataTable and DataSet
Answer: Dataset: Represents an in-memory cache of data we can also say data set is a collection of data table it is based on xml format ,it is used for data storing in cache as a disconnected recordset dataset is using data manipulation in cache wthout connection to database. DataTable: Represents one table of in-memory data data table can have one table only or we can say Data table is a collection of record's that consist the single table

Question: What is the difference between VB and VB.NET?
Answer: Object-based language and Does not support inheritance also ADO.Net does not give support for disconnected data architecture and there is No interoperability function and No support for threading. On the other hand VB.NET is Object-Oriented Programming language and ADO.Net gives support for disconnected data architecture also provides interoperability and Its uses managed code and supports threading also provides access to third-party controls like COM, DCOM

COM, DCOM +DCOM+

2009-05-26T07:49:00.000-07:00

COM, DCOM +DCOM+

Question:-Can it is possible to use COM objects from a .NET Framework program ?
Answer: :- I think yes COM component which we have deployed today can be used from managed code, and in common cases the its adopt automatic. To access com component from the .NET Framework we use runtime callable wrapper (RCW). This wrapper turns the COM interfaces exposed by the COM component into .NET Framework-compatible interfaces. For OLE automation interfaces, the RCW can be generated automatically from a type library. But for non-OLE automation interfaces, a developer may have to write a custom RCW and then manually map types that is exposed by the COM interface to .NET Framework-compatible types.

Question:-What is Monikers when using COM ?
Answer: Clients always require a easy way to reconnect the same process where he is on last time or we can say that exact same state at a later point in time. This support is provided via "monikers". A moniker is a COM object that helps in this task because its knows how to create and initialize the content of a single COM object instance. A moniker can be asked to bind to the COM object it showing, so a COM object on specific machine on the network, or a group of cells inside a spreadsheet.

Question:-Explain Transaction with COM+ Components?
Answer: Transaction consists of group of task bind in a single execution unit .When a transaction starts with specific task it is completed when all the statement in units are completed if any one produce error it will Rollback.So transaction have only two result Success and failure.
On the other hand COM+ components need code to transaction.Because it will automatically participate in transaction.Its not require any explicit code to specify the start and end of transaction.when we create an object of COM+ it is activated with BeginTransaction with COM+ services provides.And this object is deactivated using CommitTransaction or AbortTransaction method.

Question:-How COM+ Component adopt security?
Answer: To reduce complexity COM+ used or provides role-based security service that's helps in middle-tier components.There are two types of role-based security.
(1)Declaractive
(2)Programmatic
When we applied and configure security without using an explicit programming interface is known as declartive security settings. On the other hand there are some situation when work load is heavy and secuirty is must and exchange of data accross the network and security measure should be taken with programming interface and it is known as programmactic secrity.

Question:-What are the COM Component in .Net?
Answer: .Net not helps in creation of COM components and provides a different solution for making reusable components through Assemblies.There are many COM components present which our .Net application might need to use..Net provides an extremely simple approach to achieve this.
We use com by ‘Wrapper Classes’ and ‘Proxy Components’. .Net wraps the COM component into .Net assembly technically called ‘Runtime Callable Wrapper’ or RCW. Then u can call and use your COM component just as a .Net (or C#, if u are using C#) Assembly.

Question:-Whats the relation between COM/DCOM ?
Answer: DCOM is an extended to COM that allows network-based component interaction. Because COM only ability that processes can run on the same machine but in different address spaces, the DCOM extension allows across a network. DCOM components can helpfull on variety of platforms . we can also say that COM and DCOM is single technology that provides a many services for component interaction, some specific tasks are component integration on a single platform,component interaction across heterogeneous networks.COM and its DCOM extensions are merged into a single runtime.

Question:-Which namespace do the classes, allowing you to support COM functionality, are located?
Answer: System.EnterpriseServices

Question:- How do you make a NET component talk to a COM component?
Answer: To enable the communication between COM and .NET components, the .NET Framework generates a COM Callable Wrapper (CCW). The CCW enables communication between the calling COM code and the managed code. It also handles conversion between the data types, as well as other messages between the COM types and the .NET types.

Question:-How do you generate an RCW from a COM object?
Answer: Use the Type Library Import utility shipped with SDK. tlbimp COMobject.dll /out:.NETobject.dll or reference the COM library from Visual Studio in your project.

Question:-I can’t import the COM object that I have on my machine. Did you write that object?
Answer:You can only import your own objects. If you need to use a COM component from another developer, you should obtain a Primary Interop Assembly (PIA) from whoever authored the original object.

Question:-How do you call unmanaged methods from your .NET code through PInvoke?
Answer: Supply a DllImport attribute. Declare the methods in your .NET code as static extern. Do not implement the methods as they are implemented in your unmanaged code, you’re just providing declarations for method signatures.

Question:- Can you retrieve complex data types like structs from the PInvoke calls?
Answer: Yes, just make sure you re-declare that struct, so that managed code knows what to do with it.

Question:- I want to expose my .NET objects to COM objects. Is that possible?
Answer: Yes, but few things should be considered first. Classes should implement interfaces explicitly. Managed types must be public. Methods, properties, fields, and events that are exposed to COM must be public. Types must have a public default constructor with no arguments to be activated from COM. Types cannot be abstract.

Question:-Can you inherit a COM class in a .NET application?
Answer: The .NET Framework extends the COM model for reusability by adding implementation inheritance. Managed types can derive directly or indirectly from a COM coclass; more specifically, they can derive from the runtime callable wrapper generated by the runtime. The derived type can expose all the method and properties of the COM object as well as methods and properties implemented in managed code. The resulting object is partly implemented in managed code and partly implemented in unmanaged code.

Question:-Suppose I call a COM object from a .NET applicaiton, but COM object throws an error. What happens on the .NET end?
Answer: COM methods report errors by returning HRESULTs; .NET methods report them by throwing exceptions. The runtime handles the transition between the two. Each exception class in the .NET Framework maps to an HRESULT.

XML Interview Question

2009-05-26T07:48:00.000-07:00

XML Interview Question

Question :Parse an XML file or XML file validation ?
Answer: We can parse an xml FILE with an xsd FILE. It message us that our file is not well-formed and then if it is not valid it lists out the specific reason ,it is quite helpful to find an error in a large XML file it also returns line number which contain error also the tag name. That is done in Visual Studio .NET so to get it to work you will have to change the code around to whatever you want to do. One thing is that we must have namespace in the root element of the XML file.

Question:-Is it possible that XML accept UNICODE characters ?
Answer: Yes XML documents can contain foreign characters, like Norwegian æ ø å , or French ê è é.But XML document can not under stand this to understand this we have to take XML as UNICODE.There are some encoding techniques.

.

Question:-What is DOM?
Answer: Document Object Model (DOM) is a W3C specification that defines a standard (abstract) programming API to build, navigate and update XML documents. It is a "tree-structure-based" interface. As per the DOM specification, the XML parsers (such as MSXML or Xerces), load the entire XML document into memory, before it can be processed. XPath is used to navigate randomly in the document, and various DOM methods are used to create and update (add elements, delete elements, add/remove attributes, etc.) the XML documents.

Question: What is XMLA define it ?
Answer: First of we take a full form of XMLA (XML Analysis Services). Analysis Service was designed to draw reports from data contained in a Data Warehouses and doe snot have any relation with data structure.From XMLA we can expose the Analysis service data to external world in XML.

Question:-What is XML ?
Answer: XML is the Extensible Markup Language. It improves the functionality of the Web by letting you identify your information in a more accurate, flexible, and adaptable way. It is extensible because it is not a fixed format like HTML (which is a single, predefined markup language). Instead, XML is actually a metalanguage—a language for describing other languages—which lets you design your own markup languages for limitless different types of documents. XML can do this because it's written in SGML, the international standard metalanguage for text document markup (ISO 8879).

Question:-What is XPath?
Answer: XML Path Language (XPath) is a W3C specification that defines syntax for addressing parts of XML document. XML document is considered as a logical tree structure, and syntax based on this consideration is used to address elements and attributes at any level in the XML document. For example, considering the XML document described above in answer to question 2, /abc:Employees/abc:Emp/@EmpID XPath expression can be used to access the EmpID attribute under the (first) Emp element under the Employees document element. XPath is used in various other specifications such as XSLT.

Question:-What is XHTML?
Answer: Is simple words, XHTML, or Extensible HTML, is HTML 4 with XML rules applied to it (each begin tag must have an end tag, attribute values in single/double quotes, etc.). However, the overall vision of XHTML is much more than that. In addition to using XML syntax for HTML, XHTML also encloses specifications such as XHTML Basic (minimal set of modules for devices such as PDAs), XForms (represents the next generation of forms for the Web, and separates presentation, logic, and data), XML Events (provides XML languages with the ability to uniformly integrate event listeners and associated event handlers), etc.

Question:-What is XML Parser ?
Answer: Microsoft's XML parser is a COM component that comes with Internet Explorer 5 and higher. Once you have installed Internet Explorer, the parser is available to scripts.
Microsoft's XML parser supports all the necessary functions to traverse the node tree, access the nodes and their attribute values, insert and delete nodes, and convert the node tree back to XML.

To create an instance of Microsoft's XML parser with JavaScript, use the following code:
var xmlDoc=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLDOM")

To create an instance of Microsoft's XML parser with VBScript, use the following code:
set xmlDoc=CreateObject("Microsoft.XMLDOM")

To create an instance of Microsoft's XML parser in an ASP page (using VBScript), use the following code:
set xmlDoc=Server.CreateObject("Microsoft.XMLDOM")

The following code loads an existing XML document ("note.xml") into Microsoft's XML parser:

Question:- Some Limitation or Disadvantage of XML?
Answer: XML markup has a few disadvantages:
It can be verbose unless element and attribute names are chosen with care. In large documents the markup overhead need not be large, but in short messages it can be significantly more than the actual data, especially when the element or attribute names are concocted by machine.

Overlapping markup is not permitted (an element cannot start inside one element and end inside another): element markup must nest hierarchically.

Some of the software is truly mediocre.

Question:- How to add in XML document through XSL ?
Answer: XSL (the eXtensible Stylesheet Language) is far more sophisticated than CSS. One way to use XSL is to transform XML into HTML before it is displayed by the browser as demonstrated in these examples:
Below is a fraction of the XML file. The second line,
, links the XML file to the XSL file:

Belgian Waffles
$5.95

two of our famous Belgian Waffles

650

Question:- How do I convert my existing HTML documents into XML?
Answer: Tidy is a command-line utility which runs on a wide variety of operating systems; it uses various command-line switches (parameters) to control its processing. At a minimum, it simply cleans up your HTML by ensuring that elements are properly nested and so on; it also warns you if your HTML uses non-standard code that's likely to cause cross-browser compatibility problems. One of the most useful command-line options is -asxml ("as XML," see?), which does what you seem to be asking. It will properly balance elements, per usual, but it also adds some extra information to the document. For instance, it tacks on an XML declaration, , and a statement, which unambiguously mark this as an XML document. To the root html element it also adds a namespace-declaring attribute that identifies all elements in the document as conforming to the specific XML vocabulary known as XHTML. It even forces all element names to lowercase, since the XHTML standard requires it.

If you're asking about converting HTML to a less generic form of XML than XHTML, your task may turn out to be quite complex. For example, if you've been using HTML to mark up customer invoices, not only the customer's name but also their number, item(s) ordered, quantity, and price are probably all wrapped up inside

and

tags. How do you know which "kind of paragraph" contains a given kind of information, so you can turn one instance of the p element into a custname element, another into custnumber, another into price, and so on? If you've been using CSS for styling your HTML, you may have supplied the different p elements with class="custname" (etc.) attributes and so on; if that's the case, you may be able to generate meaningful XML using an XSLT stylesheet. There may also be customized software to do the sort of conversion you want. Otherwise you're probably looking down the barrel of an ugly gun.

Question:- What is a schema? What are the limitations of a DTD?
Answer: SCHEMA is nothing but METADATA. The schema holds all the information of the xml file that is to be deployed in the project. Metatdata is nothing about data about data since we know that xml is used for data representation language we will be able to understand what metadata is. Metadata includes the tags that is going to be exchanged to and fro from another xml file. DTD (DATA TYPE DEFINITION ) which supervises two conditions namely well formedness and closeness of the xml file. So the user should be aware of what tags he was put into use of this xml file 'A' should be intimated to another application's XML file 'B', by then our xml file will interact with the another xml file, this is the major limitation and mandatory issue that the developers should follow.

WEB SERVICES INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

2009-05-26T07:47:00.000-07:00

WEB SERVICES INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

Asp Net Web Services: Here are some web services interview questions which is very helpful in interviews. This great listing of interview questions provides a lot of information on Web Services Questions and Web Services Faqs. Not at all, instead of web services faqs and interview questions you can also learn how to use web services in asp net. If you need more web services faqs used in asp net you can also contact us for more info.

Question: Can you define basic element of WebServices and explain any one from them?
Answer: These are as follows SOAP, WSDL and UDDI. And I am explaining about the SOAP(Simple Object Access Protocol) it is a communication protocol it is for communication between application it is platform and language independent.It is based on XML and also help to get from Firwall.

Question: Explain functioning of Web Services Protocols ?
Answer: Http-Get:- This is standard protocol that helps client to communicate with server with HTTP.When client send a request to server via HTTP request and reuired parameter are attached with the querystring.Example:-
http://www.dotnetquestion.info/dotnet/interview.aspx?id=pervej&cast=munjal and we get the value from querystring.
Request.querystring("id")
Request.querystring("cast").

Http-Post:-This is same as Http-Get but the diffrence is that in place of sending parameters onto the URL information is send with HTTP request message with some extra information which contains Parameters and their values.This Protocols is limited to sending name/value pairs.

SOAP:-The only diffrence is that its relies on the XML as compares to Http-Get,Http-Post.SOAP can send not only the name/value pairs but also some complex object also as for example datatypes,class,objects.SOAP can also uses request/reponse model as Http-Get,Http-post but it is not limited to Request/Response it can also send types of message.Because its uses XML that is pure text so firewalls not created so much problem because its easily converted in to HTML. .

Question: How .NET and non .NET component communicate with each other when they are on different platform?
Answer: In past when we have to communicate .NET with non .NET component we are using COM component this component helps in doing this. At the moment we are using in both apps a COM component that has an intermediary Windows service running on one machine. But this component is quite old and not in use now because it will create a problem when we are using firewall. So to handle this we use Web-Services which really have a solution for Firewall.

Question: Why do some web service classes derive from System.Web.WebServices while others do not ?
Answer: Those asp net Web Service classes which employ objects like Application, Session, Context, Server, and User have to derive from System.Web.WebServices. If it does not use these objects, it is not necessary to be derived from it.

Question: What is WSDL ?
Answer: WSDL is an XML format for describing network services as a set of endpoints operating on messages containing either document-oriented or procedure-oriented information. The operations and messages are described abstractly, and then bound to a concrete network protocol and message format to define an endpoint. Related concrete endpoints are combined into abstract endpoints (services). (Source: www.w3.org).

Question: What is the standard you use to wrap up a call to a Web service ?
Answer: HTTP with SOAP.

Question: What is Asp Net Web Services ?
Answer: Web services are programmable business logic components that provide access to functionality through the Internet. Standard protocols like HTTP can be used to access them. Web services are based on the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP), which is an application of XML. Web services are given the .asmx extension..

Question: Define Protocols that helps Web Services in Asp Net?
Answer: From my point of view Web Services used three protocols for interacting with the clients.Http-Post,Http-Get,SOAP.

Question: What are VSDISCO files ?
Answer: VSDISCO files are DISCO files that enable dynamic discovery of Web Services. ASP.NET links the VSDISCO to a HTTP handler that scans the host directory and subdirectories for ASMX and DISCO files and returns a dynamically generated DISCO document. A client who requests a VSDISCO file gets back what appears to be a static DISCO document.

Question: What is UDDI ?
Answer: UDDI stands for Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration. It is like an "Yellow Pages" for Web Services. It is maintained by Microsoft, IBM, and Ariba, and is designed to provide detailed information regarding registered Web Services for all vendors. The UDDI can be queried for specific Web Services.

Question: Is it possible to generate the source code for an ASP.NET Web service from a WSDL ?
Answer: The Wsdl.exe tool (.NET Framework SDK) can be used to generate source code for an ASP.NET web service with its WSDL link.
Example: wsdl /server http://api.google.com/GoogleSearch.wsdl.

Question: Can you give an example of when it would be appropriate to use a web service as opposed to a non-serviced .NET component ?
Answer: When to Use Asp Net Web Services:
(i)Communicating through a Firewall When building a distributed application with 100s/1000s of users spread over multiple locations, there is always the problem of communicating between client and server because of firewalls and proxy servers. Exposing your middle tier components as Web Services and invoking the directly from a Windows UI is a very valid option.

(ii)Application Integration When integrating applications written in various languages and running on disparate systems. Or even applications running on the same platform that have been written by separate vendors.

(iii)Business-to-Business Integration This is an enabler for B2B intergtation which allows one to expose vital business processes to authorized supplier and customers. An example would be exposing electronic ordering and invoicing, allowing customers to send you purchase orders and suppliers to send you invoices electronically.

(iv)Software Reuse This takes place at multiple levels. Code Reuse at the Source code level or binary componet-based resuse. The limiting factor here is that you can reuse the code but not the data behind it. Webservice overcome this limitation. A scenario could be when you are building an app that aggregates the functionality of serveral other Applications. Each of these functions could be performed by individual apps, but there is value in perhaps combining the the multiple apps to present a unifiend view in a Portal or Intranet.

Question: What are Service Oriented Architectures (SOA) ?
Answer: SOA describes an information technology architecture that enables distributed computing environments with many different types of computing platforms and applications. Web services in asp net are one of the technologies that help make SOAs possible. As a concept, SOA has been around since the 1980s, but many early IT technologies failed to achieve the goal of linking different types of applications and systems. By making early investments with .NET, Microsoft has helped provide the building blocks that today are putting many enterprise customers on the path to successfully implementing SOAs. With SOAs, companies can benefit from the unimpeded flow of information that is the hallmark of connected systems.

Question: What is .NET Passport?
Answer: .NET Passport is a Web-based service that is designed to make signing in to Web sites fast and easy. Passport enables participating sites to authenticate a user with a single set of sign-in credentials, alleviating the need for users to remember numerous passwords and user names

.NET Interview Questions

2009-05-26T07:45:00.000-07:00

.NET Interview Questions

Explain the .NET architecture.

How many languages .NET is supporting now? - When .NET was introduced it came with several languages. VB.NET, C#, COBOL and Perl, etc. The site DotNetLanguages.Net says 44 languages are supported.

How is .NET able to support multiple languages? - a language should comply with the Common Language Runtime standard to become a .NET language. In .NET, code is compiled to Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL for short). This is called as Managed Code. This Managed code is run in .NET environment. So after compilation to this IL the language is not a barrier. A code can call or use a function written in another language.

How ASP .NET different from ASP? - Scripting is separated from the HTML, Code is compiled as a DLL, these DLLs can be executed on the server.

Resource Files: How to use the resource files, how to know which language to use?

What is smart navigation? - The cursor position is maintained when the page gets refreshed due to the server side validation and the page gets refreshed.

What is view state? - The web is stateless. But in ASP.NET, the state of a page is maintained in the in the page itself automatically. How? The values are encrypted and saved in hidden controls. this is done automatically by the ASP.NET. This can be switched off / on for a single control

How do you validate the controls in an ASP .NET page?

- Using special validation controls that are meant for this. We have Range Validator, Email Validator.

Can the validation be done in the server side? Or this can be done only in the Client side? - Client side is done by default. Server side validation is also possible. We can switch off the client side and server side can be done.

How to manage pagination in a page? - Using pagination option in DataGrid control. We have to set the number of records for a page, then it takes care of pagination by itself.

What is ADO .NET and what is difference between ADO and ADO.NET? - ADO.NET is stateless mechanism. I can treat the ADO.Net as a separate in-memory database where in I can use relationships between the tables and select insert and updates to the database. I can update the actual database as a batch.

Interview questions for Web application developers

Is it possible to inline assembly or IL in C# code? - No.

Is it possible to have a static indexer in C#? - No. Static indexers are not allowed in C#.

If I return out of a try/finally in C#, does the code in the finally-clause run? - Yes. The code in the finally always runs. If you return out of the try block, or even if you do a “goto” out of the try, the finally block always runs:

Using System;

class main

         public static void Main()

try

                                              Console.WriteLine(\"In Try block\");

                                              return;

                               finally

                                              Console.WriteLine(\"In Finally block\");

Both “In Try block” and “In Finally block” will be displayed. Whether the return is in the try block or after the try-finally block, performance is not affected either way. The compiler treats it as if the return were outside the try block anyway. If it’s a return without an expression (as it is above), the IL emitted is identical whether the return is inside or outside of the try. If the return has an expression, there’s an extra store/load of the value of the expression (since it has to be computed within the try block).

I was trying to use an “out int” parameter in one of my functions. How should I declare the variable that I am passing to it? - You should declare the variable as an int, but when you pass it in you must specify it as ‘out’, like the following: int i; foo(out i); where foo is declared as follows: [return-type] foo(out int o) { }

How do you specify a custom attribute for the entire assembly (rather than for a class)? - Global attributes must appear after any top-level using clauses and before the first type or namespace declarations. An example of this is as follows:

using System;

[assembly : MyAttributeClass] class X {}

Note that in an IDE-created project, by convention, these attributes are placed in AssemblyInfo.cs.

How do you mark a method obsolete? -

[Obsolete] public int Foo() {...}

[Obsolete(\"This is a message describing why this method is obsolete\")] public int Foo() {...}

Note: The O in Obsolete is always capitalized.

How do you directly call a native function exported from a DLL? - Here’s a quick example of the DllImport attribute in action:

using System.Runtime.InteropServices; \

class C

               [DllImport(\"user32.dll\")]

               public static extern int MessageBoxA(int h, string m, string c, int type);

               public static int Main()

                               return MessageBoxA(0, \"Hello World!\", \"Caption\", 0);

This example shows the minimum requirements for declaring a C# method that is implemented in a native DLL. The method C.MessageBoxA() is declared with the static and external modifiers, and has the DllImport attribute, which tells the compiler that the implementation comes from the user32.dll, using the default name of MessageBoxA. For more information, look at the Platform Invoke tutorial in the documentation.

How do I simulate optional parameters to COM calls? - You must use the Missing class and pass Missing.Value (in System.Reflection) for any values that have optional parameters.

C# developer interview questions

A representative of a high-tech company in United Kingdom sent this in today noting that the list was used for interviewing a C# .NET developer. Any corrections and suggestions would be forwarded to the author. I won’t disclose the name of the company, since as far as I know they might still be using this test for prospective employees. Correct answers are in green color.

1) The C# keyword .int. maps to which .NET type?

1. System.Int16

2. System.Int32

3. System.Int64

4. System.Int128

2) Which of these string definitions will prevent escaping on backslashes in C#?

1. string s = #.n Test string.;

2. string s = ..n Test string.;

3. string s = @.n Test string.;

4. string s = .n Test string.;

3) Which of these statements correctly declares a two-dimensional array in C#?

1. int[,] myArray;

2. int[][] myArray;

3. int[2] myArray;

4. System.Array[2] myArray;

4) If a method is marked as protected internal who can access it?

1. Classes that are both in the same assembly and derived from the declaring class.

2. Only methods that are in the same class as the method in question.

3. Internal methods can be only be called using reflection.

4. Classes within the same assembly, and classes derived from the declaring class.

5) What is boxing?

a) Encapsulating an object in a value type.

b) Encapsulating a copy of an object in a value type.

c) Encapsulating a value type in an object.

d) Encapsulating a copy of a value type in an object.

6) What compiler switch creates an xml file from the xml comments in the files in an assembly?

1. /text

2. /doc

3. /xml

4. /help

7) What is a satellite Assembly?

1. A peripheral assembly designed to monitor permissions requests from an application.

2. Any DLL file used by an EXE file.

3. An assembly containing localized resources for another assembly.

4. An assembly designed to alter the appearance or .skin. of an application.

8) What is a delegate?

1. A strongly typed function pointer.

2. A light weight thread or process that can call a single method.

3. A reference to an object in a different process.

4. An inter-process message channel.

9) How does assembly versioning in .NET prevent DLL Hell?

1. The runtime checks to see that only one version of an assembly is on the machine at any one time.

2. .NET allows assemblies to specify the name AND the version of any assemblies they need to run.

3. The compiler offers compile time checking for backward compatibility.

4. It doesn.t.

11) In the NUnit test framework, which attribute must adorn a test class in order for it to be picked up by the NUnit GUI?

1. TestAttribute

2. TestClassAttribute

3. TestFixtureAttribute

4. NUnitTestClassAttribute

12) Which of the following operations can you NOT perform on an ADO.NET DataSet?

1. A DataSet can be synchronised with the database.

2. A DataSet can be synchronised with a RecordSet.

3. A DataSet can be converted to XML.

4. You can infer the schema from a DataSet.

13) In Object Oriented Programming, how would you describe encapsulation?

1. The conversion of one type of object to another.

2. The runtime resolution of method calls.

3. The exposition of data.

4. The separation of interface and implementation.

.NET deployment questions

What do you know about .NET assemblies? Assemblies are the smallest units of versioning and deployment in the .NET application. Assemblies are also the building blocks for programs such as Web services, Windows services, serviced components, and .NET remoting applications.

What’s the difference between private and shared assembly? Private assembly is used inside an application only and does not have to be identified by a strong name. Shared assembly can be used by multiple applications and has to have a strong name.

What’s a strong name? A strong name includes the name of the assembly, version number, culture identity, and a public key token.

How can you tell the application to look for assemblies at the locations other than its own install? Use the
directive in the XML .config file for a given application.

should do the trick. Or you can add additional search paths in the Properties box of the deployed application.

How can you debug failed assembly binds? Use the Assembly Binding Log Viewer (fuslogvw.exe) to find out the paths searched.

Where are shared assemblies stored? Global assembly cache.

How can you create a strong name for a .NET assembly? With the help of Strong Name tool (sn.exe).

Where’s global assembly cache located on the system? Usually C:\winnt\assembly or C:\windows\assembly.

Can you have two files with the same file name in GAC? Yes, remember that GAC is a very special folder, and while normally you would not be able to place two files with the same name into a Windows folder, GAC differentiates by version number as well, so it’s possible for MyApp.dll and MyApp.dll to co-exist in GAC if the first one is version 1.0.0.0 and the second one is 1.1.0.0.

So let’s say I have an application that uses MyApp.dll assembly, version 1.0.0.0. There is a security bug in that assembly, and I publish the patch, issuing it under name MyApp.dll 1.1.0.0. How do I tell the client applications that are already installed to start using this new MyApp.dll? Use publisher policy. To configure a publisher policy, use the publisher policy configuration file, which uses a format similar app .config file. But unlike the app .config file, a publisher policy file needs to be compiled into an assembly and placed in the GAC.

What is delay signing? Delay signing allows you to place a shared assembly in the GAC by signing the assembly with just the public key. This allows the assembly to be signed with the private key at a later stage, when the development process is complete and the component or assembly is ready to be deployed. This process enables developers to work with shared assemblies as if they were strongly named, and it secures the private key of the signature from being accessed at different stages of development.

ADO.NET Questions

2009-05-26T07:43:00.000-07:00

ADO.NET

Question:-How ADO.NET come into existence?
Answer: DAO (data access model) is the first Data Access Model that is created for local databases which contains built-in Jet engine which overcome with some problem like performance and functionality issues. After this RDO (Remote Data Object) and ADO (Active Data Object) comes in market which basically designed for Client Server applications but soon ADO is more comfort then RDO. ADO a good architecture ADO contained all the data in a recordset object which creates problems when implemented on the network where firewalls exist. Because ADO was a connected data access, which make connection open until the application is closed. This creates issue like database security and network traffic. Because open database connections use system resources to a maximum extent making the system performance less effective. This helps in developing of ADO.NET.

Question: What is Asynchronous Database Commands?
Answer:- When we execute any database. Thread that executing the command waits before the command get fully executing before executing any additional code. Thread is blocked for another process. But Asynchronous Database Commands solve this problem when database command is executing the current thread can continue on other process. Thread can execute a no of database command. There are two benefits of using Asynchronous Database Commands.
1) Executing Multiple Database Commands simultaneously improve performance.
2) Because ASP.Net framework uses a limited pool service for request. When any request for a page is comes its assign a thread to handle the request. If framework is out of thread then job is in guess we get error 503. But if we are using asynchronous database command then current thread is release back to current thread pool.

Question:-What are Concurrency and its types?
Answer: When two or more people try to update same type of data then Concurrency helps how to handle this situation there are two types of concurrency
Pessimistic:-When one user try to change the data with pessimistic concurrency a lock is placed on the data so that another user cannot change that one after one another can change.

Optimistic:-In this if two user works on the same data and one change that data first then second user cannot change that same data becasue the which he have using is allready changed so he cannot do the change becasue change apply to another data that is changed by first user.

Question: How to get result from two table in Sql DataReader ?
Answer: string str="Select * from table1;Select * from table2"; cmd.commandtext=str; dr=cmd.executereader();
Question: What is Ref Cursor in .NET and how it is link with ExecuteReader ?
Answer: Ref cursor play its role when doing with the oracle database these comes in ODP.NET. Ref Cursors are objects that link to Oracle server-side cursors.These Ref Cursor can be converted in oracle datareader with this Ref cursor we can get result with query written to pl/sql and the result can be get in .net.Now the question arise why we use Ref Cursor when we have an option of ExceuteReader reson is simple when we need more query in pl/sql means our work is done in pl/sql then we need this ref cursor for getting result set because doennot have direct connection to that table.Becasue advantage of pl/sql we can take two opertion in one query.
Question: Define tool Manage Statistics in SQL Serevr 2000 query ?
Answer: SQL Server creates internal statistics on the rows in all of our tables that is used by the Query Optimizer to select the optimal execution plan for our query. And Query Optimizer helps in doing this.Soome time when statistics isnot maintains then this is done by tool Manage Statistics.We can add,edit or delete for statistics that is maintained by SQL Server.We can experiment with different sets of statistics and see how it affects the query otimizer execution plans.
Question: Some important instruction regarding ADO.NET connection string ?
Answer: When we are making connection string always use Server's IP address not the DNS name if we use IP address it will reduce the time taken for connection to establish.Becasue server IP address is used to get a default or named instance of Sql Server that ls running. if we are running the cluster we have to use the Virtual SQL Server IP address.
Question: How to get database schema information when connection object is establish in ADO.NET ?
Answer: There is a method that helps in getting schema information that is GetSchema() and this method is called in three different ways first way when we call this method without any parameter its return the metadata(table, view, stored procedure.indexes etc).When method is called by passing metadata collection name and filter criteria returns the items from the collection after applying the filter criteria and last way is when we called by passing a metadata collection name returns information about items found in the specified collection.
Question: Which one is better WebServices and Remoting?
Answer: Both of these have little difference WebServices help full where the user who is using Web Service does not have the .NET platform. On the otherside for remoting we need .Net platform on the both side so from both of this remoting is faster then webservice.So keep in mind which of these are you using if you have .net plateform or other.

Question:-What is DataGrid wheater its a Server Control or something else ?
Answer:DataGrid is Web server control a powerful tool for displaying information from a data source. we can display editable data in a professional-looking grid by setting only a few properties. The grid has a sophisticated object model that provides you with great flexibility in how you display the data.

Question:-Define different execute methods of ADO.NET command object ?
Answer: ExecuteScalar:- This method returns a single value from the first row and first column of the result get from the execution of SQL query.
ExecuteNonQuery:- This method executes the DML SQL query just like insert, delete or update and then returns the number of rows affected by the action.
ExecuteReader:- This method returns DataReader object which is a forward-only resultset.
ExecuteXMLReader:- This method is available for SQL Server 2000 or later. Upon execution it builds XMLReader object from standard SQL query.
Question:-What DataReader class do in ADO.NET?
Answer: To get read-only and forward only access to data we use DataReader .the DataReader object reduces the system overhead because one row at a time is taken into memory so it is quite lightweight. To get second object connection is reconnected. We can create a DataReader object by execute Execute readre() method. There are two Data Reader class one is SqlDataReader and other is OleDbDataReader.
Question:-Why is ADO.NET serialization slower than ADO ?
Answer: ADO uses binary serialization while ADO.NET uses text based serialization. Since the text takes more space, it takes longer to write it out.
Question:-Is XML is a component of ADO.NET ?
Answer: The answer of this question is always Yes because XML is an important component of ADO.NET architecture .ADO.NET use XML to store and transfer data.We not have to convert data to XML format.Datasets helps XML to integrate with ADO.NET. XML schema plays a role to get table definition,column,datatypes and constraints helps DataSet.

Question:- How to check if the Dataset has records ?
Answer:
if (ds.Tables(0).Rows.Count= 0 )

{

'No record
else
'record found

}

Question:- What is the significance of CommandBehavior.CloseConnection ?
Answer: To avoid having to explicitly close the connection associated with the command used to create either a SqlDataReader or and OleDbDataReader, pass the CommandBehavior.CloseConnection argument to the ExecuteReader method of the Connection.

dr= cmd.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.CloseConnection);

The associated connection will be closed automatically when the Close method of the Datareader is called. This makes it all the more important to always remember to call Close on your datareaders.

Question:-Which method do you invoke on the DataAdapter control to load your generated dataset with data?
Answer: The Fill() method.

Question:-What is Dataset and Diffgram?
Answer: When sending and retrieving a Dataset from an XML Web service, the DiffGram format is implicitly used. Additionally, when loading the contents of a DataSet from XML using the ReadXml method, or when writing the contents of a DataSet in XML using the WriteXml method, you can select that the contents be read or written as a DiffGram. For more information, see Loading a DataSet from XML and Writing a DataSet as XML Data. While the DiffGram format is primarily used by the .NET Framework as a serialization format for the contents of a DataSet, you can also use DiffGrams to modify data in tables in a Microsoft SQL Server™ 2000 database.

Question:-What is typed dataset?
Answer: A typed dataset is very much similar to a normal dataset. But the only difference is that the sehema is already present for the same. Hence any mismatch in the column will generate compile time errors rather than runtime error as in the case of normal dataset. Also accessing the column value is much easier than the normal dataset as the column definition will be available in the schema.

Question:-How can you provide an alternating color scheme in a Repeater control?
Answer: AlternatingItemTemplate Like the ItemTemplate element, but rendered for every other row (alternating items) in the Repeater control. You can specify a different appearance for the AlternatingItemTemplate element by setting its style properties.

Question:-What are good ADO.NET object(s) to replace the ADO Recordset object?
Answer: There are alot...but the base once are SqlConnection, OleDbConnection, etc...

Question:-Can you explain the difference between an ADO.NET Dataset and an ADO Recordset?
Answer:Valid answers are:

A DataSet can represent an entire relational database in memory, complete with tables, relations, and views.
A DataSet is designed to work without any continuing connection to the original data source.
Data in a DataSet is bulk-loaded, rather than being loaded on demand.
There's no concept of cursor types in a DataSet.
DataSets have no current record pointer You can use For Each loops to move through the data.
You can store many edits in a DataSet, and write them to the original data source in a single operation.
Though the DataSet is universal, other objects in ADO.NET come in different versions for different data sources.

Question:-What are the differences between Datalist DataGrid and datarepeater ?
Answer:DataList

Has table appearence by default
Has no autoformat option
has no default paging & sorting options
can define separators between elements using template
DataGrid
Has a grid appearence by default
has a autoformat option
has default paging and sorting
has no separator between elements
DataRepeater

simple,read-only output, has no built in support for selecting or editing items, has no DEFAULT APPEARENCE, has no default paging.

ASP.NET INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

2009-05-26T07:42:00.000-07:00

ASP.NET INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

Question:-What do you mean by Share Point Portal?
Answer: Here I have taken information regarding Share Point Portal Server 2003 provides mainly access to the crucial business information and applications. With the help of Share Point Server we can server information between Public Folders, Data Bases, File Servers and the websites that are based on Windows server 2003. This Share Point Portal is integrated with MSAccess and Windows servers,So we can get a Wide range of document management functionality. We can also create a full featured portal with readymade navigation and structure.

Question:-What is cross page posting in ASP.NET2.0?
Answer: When we have to post data from one page to another in application we used server.transfer method but in this the URL remains the same but in cross page posting there is little different there is normal post back is done but in target page we can access values of server control in the source page.This is quite simple we have to only set the PostBackUrl property of Button,LinkButton or imagebutton which specifies the target page.In target page we can access the PreviousPage property.And we have to use the @PreviousPageType directive.We can access control of PreviousPage by using the findcontrol method.When we set the PostBackURL property ASP.NET framework bind the HTML and Javascript function automatically.

Question: What you thing about the Web Portal?
Answer: Web portal is nothing but a page that allows a user to customize his/her homepage. We can use Widgets to create that portal we have only to drag and drop widgets on the page. The user can set his Widgets on any where on the page where he has to get them. Widgets are nothing but a page area that helps particular function to response. Widgets example are address books, contact lists, RSS feeds, clocks, calendars, play lists, stock tickers, weather reports, traffic reports, dictionaries, games and another such beautiful things that we can not imagine. We can also say Web Parts in Share Point Portal. These are one of Ajax-Powered.

Question: How to start Outlook, Notepad file in AsP.NET with code ?
Answer: Here is the syntax to open outlook or notepad file in ASP.NET VB.NET Process.Start("Notepad.exe") Process.Start("msimn.exe"); C#.NET System.Diagnostics.Process.Start("msimn.exe"); System.Diagnostics.Process.Start("Notepad.exe");
Question: What is the purpose of IIS ?
Answer: We can call IIS(Internet Information Services) a powerful Web server that helps us creating highly reliable, scalable and manageable infrastructure for Web application which runs on Windows Server 2003. IIS helps development center and increase Web site and application availability while lowering system administration costs. It also runs on Windows NT/2000 platforms and also for above versions. With IIS, Microsoft includes a set of programs for building and administering Web sites, a search engine, and support for writing Web-based applications that access database. IIS also called http server since it process the http request and gets http response.

Question: What is main difference between GridLayout and FormLayout ?
Answer: GridLayout helps in providing absolute positioning of every control placed on the page. It is easier to devlop page with absolute positioning because control can be placed any where according to our requirement.But FormLayout is little different only experience Web Devloper used this one reason is it is helpful for wider range browser.If there is absolute positioning we can notice that there are number of DIV tags.But in FormLayout whole work are done through the tables.

Question: How Visual SourceSafe helps Us?
Answer: One of the powerful tool provided by Microsoft to keep up-to-date of files system its keeps records of file history once we add files to source safe it can be add to database and the changes add by different user to this files are maintained in database from that we can get the older version of files to. This also helps in sharing, merging of files.

Question:-Can you define what is SharePoint and some overview about this?
Answer: SharePoint helps workers for creating powerful personalized interfaces only by dragging and drop pre-defined Web Part Components. And these Web Parts components also help non programmers to get information which care and customize the appearance of Web pages. To under stand it we take an example one Web Part might display a user's information another might create a graph showing current employee status and a third might show a list of Employees Salary. This is also possible that each functions has a link to a video or audio presentation. So now Developers are unable to create these Web Part components and make them available to SharePoint users.

Question:-What is different between WebUserControl and in WebCustomControl ?
Answer: Web user controls :- Web User Control is Easier to create and another thing is that its support is limited for users who use a visual design tool one gud thing is that its contains static layout one more thing a seprate copy is required for each application.
Web custom controls:-Web Custom Control is typical to create and gud for dynamic layout and another thing is it have full tool support for user and a single copy of control is required because it is placed in Global Assembly cache.

Question:-What is Sandbox in SQL server and explain permission level in Sql Server ?
Answer: Sandbox is place where we run trusted program or script which is created from the third party. There are three type of Sandbox where user code runs.
Safe Access Sandbox:-Here we can only create stored procedure, triggers, functions,datatypes etc .But we does not have access memory ,disk etc.
External Access Sandbox:-We can access File systems outside the box. We can not play with threading, memory allocation etc.
Unsafe Access Sandbox:-Here we can write unreliable and unsafe code.

Question:-How many types of cookies are there in .NET ?
Answer: Two type of cookeries.
a) single valued eg request.cookies(”UserName”).value=”dotnetquestion”
b)Multivalued cookies. These are used in the way collections are used example
request.cookies(”CookiName”)(”UserName”)=”dotnetquestionMahesh”
request.cookies(”CookiName”)(”UserID”)=”interview″

Question: When we get Error 'HTTP 502 Proxy Error' ?
Answer: We get this error when we execute ASP.NET Web pages in Visual Web Developer Web server, because the URL randomly select port number and proxy servers did not recognize the URL and return this error. To resolve this problem we have to change settings in Internet Explorer to bypass the proxy server for local addresses, so that the request is not sent to the proxy.

Question:-What do you mean by three-tier architecture?
Answer: The three-tier architecture was comes into existence to improve management of code and contents and to improve the performance of the web based applications. There are mainly three layers in three-tier architecture. the are define as follows
(1)Presentation
(2)Business Logic
(3)Database
(1)First layer Presentation contains mainly the interface code, and this is shown to user. This code could contain any technology that can be used on the client side like HTML, JavaScript or VBScript etc.
(2)Second layer is Business Logic which contains all the code of the server-side .This layer have code to interact with database database and to query, manipulate, pass data to user interface and handle any input from the UI as well.
(3)Third layer Data represents the data store like MS Access, SQL Server, an XML file, an Excel file or even a text file containing data also some addtional database are also added to that layers.

Question: What is Finalizer in .NET define Dispose and Finalize?
Answer: We can say that Finalizer are the methods that's helps in cleanp the code that is executed before object is garbage collected .The process is called finalization . There are two methods of finalizer Dispose and Finalize .There is little diffrenet between two of this method .
When we call Dispose method is realse all the resources hold by an object as well as all the resorces hold by the parent object.When we call Dispose method it clean managed as well as unmanaged resources.
Finalize methd also cleans resources but finalize call dispose clears only the unmanged resources because in finalization the garbase collecter clears all the object hold by managed code so finalization fails to prevent thos one of methd is used that is: GC.SuppressFinalize.

Question: Define SMTPclient class in Dot Net framework class library?
Answer: Each classes in dotnet framework inclue some properties,method and events.These properties ,methods and events are member of a class.SMTPclient class mainly concern with sending mail.This class contain the folling member.
Properties:-
Host:-The name or IP address of email server.
Port:-Port that is use when sending mail.
Methods:-
Send:-Enables us to send email synchronously.
SendAsynchronous:-Enables us to send an email asynchronously.
Event:-
SendCompleted:-This event raised when an asynchronous send opertion completes.

Question: What is late binding?
Answer: When code interacts with an object dynamically at runtime .because our code literally doesnot care what type of object it is interacting and with the methods thats are supported by object and with the methods thats are supported by object .The type of object is not known by the IDE or compiler ,no Intellisense nor compile-time syntax checking is possible but we get unprecedented flexibilty in exchange.if we enable strict type checking by using option strict on at the top of our code modules ,then IDE and compiler will enforce early binding behaviour .By default Late binding is done.

Question:-Does .NET CLR and SQL SERVER run in different process?
Answer: Dot Net CLR and all .net realtes application and Sql Server run in same process or we can say that that on the same address because there is no issue of speed because if these two process are run in different process then there may be a speed issue created one process goes fast and other slow may create the problem.
Question:-What is Com Marshler and its importance in .NET ?
Answer: Com Marshler is one of useful component of CLR. Its Task is to marshal data between Managed and Unmanaged environment .It helps in representation of data accross diffrenet execution enviroment.It performs the conversion of data format between manage and unmanaged code.By the helps of Com Marshlar CLR allows manage code to interoperate with unmanaged code.

Question: What is CSU and its description ?
Answer: CSU stands for comma separate values also called comma delimited.It is plain text file which stores spreadsheets or basic datatype in very simple format.One record in each line and each field separted with comma's it is often used to transfer large ammount spreadsheet data or database information between program.

Question: The IHttpHandler and IHttpHandlerFactory interfaces?
Answer: The IHttpHandler interface is implemented by all the handlers. The interface consists of one property called IsReusable. The IsReusable property gets a value indicating whether another request can use the IHttpHandler instance. The method ProcessRequest() allows you to process the current request. This is the core place where all your code goes. This method receives a parameter of type HttpContext using which you can access the intrinsic objects such as Request and Response. The IHttpHandlerFactory interface consists of two methods - GetHandler and ReleaseHandler. The GetHandler() method instantiates the required HTTP handler based on some condition and returns it back to ASP.NET. The ReleaseHandler() method allows the factory to reuse an existing handler.

Question: what is Viewstate?
Answer:View state is used by the ASP.NET page framework to automatically save the values of the page and of each control just prior to rendering to the page. When the page is posted, one of the first tasks performed by page processing is to restore view state.
State management is the process by which you maintain state and page information over multiple requests for the same or different pages.
Client-side options are:

* The ViewState property	* Query strings
* Hidden fields	* Cookies

Server-side options are:

* Application state

* Session state

* DataBase

Use the View State property to save data in a hidden field on a page. Because ViewState stores data on the page, it is limited to items that can be serialized. If you want to store more complex items in View State, you must convert the items to and from a string.
ASP.NET provides the following ways to retain variables between requests:
Context. Handler object Use this object to retrieve public members of one Web form’s class from a subsequently displayed Web form.
Query strings Use these strings to pass information between requests and responses as part of the Web address. Query strings are visible to the user, so they should not contain secure information such as passwords.
Cookies Use cookies to store small amounts of information on a client. Clients might refuse cookies, so your code has to anticipate that possibility.
View state ASP.NET stores items added to a page’s ViewState property as hidden fields on the page.
Session state Use Session state variables to store items that you want keep local to the current session (single user).
Application state Use Application state variables to store items that you want be available to all users of the application.

Question: DOTNET PAGE LIFECYCLE?
Answer: While executing the page, it will go under the fallowing steps (or fires the events) which collectively known as Page Life cycle.
Page_Init -- Page Initialization
LoadViewState -- View State Loading
LoadPostData -- Postback data processing
Page_Load -- Page Loading
RaisePostDataChangedEvent -- PostBack Change Notification
RaisePostBackEvent -- PostBack Event Handling
Page_PreRender -- Page Pre Rendering Phase
SaveViewState -- View State Saving
Page_Render -- Page Rendering
Page_UnLoad -- Page Unloading

Question: What is Satellite Assemblies?
Answer: Satellite assemblies are often used to deploy language-specific resources for an application. These language-specific assemblies work in side-by-side execution because the application has a separate product ID for each language and installs satellite assemblies in a language-specific subdirectory for each language. When uninstalling, the application removes only the satellite assemblies associated with a given language and .NET Framework version. No core .NET Framework files are removed unless the last language for that .NET Framework version is being removed. For example, English and Japanese editions of the .NET Framework version 1.1 share the same core files. The Japanese .NET Framework version 1.1 adds satellite assemblies with localized resources in a \ja subdirectory. An application that supports the .NET Framework version 1.1, regardless of its language, always uses the same core runtime files.

Question: What is CAS?
Answer: CAS: CAS is the part of the .NET security model that determines whether or not a piece of code is allowed to run, and what resources it can use when it is running. For example, it is CAS that will prevent a .NET web applet from formatting your hard disk. How does CAS work? The CAS security policy revolves around two key concepts - code groups and permissions. Each .NET assembly is a member of a particular code group, and each code group is granted the permissions specified in a named permission set. For example, using the default security policy, a control downloaded from a web site belongs to the 'Zone - Internet' code group, which adheres to the permissions defined by the 'Internet' named permission set. (Naturally the 'Internet' named permission set represents a very restrictive range of permissions.)

Question: Automatic Memory Management?
Answer: Automatic Memory Management: From a programmer's perspective, this is probably the single biggest benefit of the .NET Framework. No, I'm not kidding. Every project I've worked on in my long career of DOS and Windows development has suffered at some point from memory management issues. Proper memory management is hard. Even very good programmers have difficulty with it. It's entirely too easy for a small mistake to cause a program to chew up memory and crash, sometimes bringing the operating system to a screeching halt in the process.

Programmers understand that they're responsible for releasing any memory that they allocate, but they're not very good at actually doing it. In addition, functions that allocate memory as a side effect abound in the Windows API and in the C runtime library. It's nearly impossible for a programmer to know all of the rules. Even when the programmer follows the rules, a small memory leak in a support library can cause big problems if called enough.

The .NET Framework solves the memory management problems by implementing a garbage collector that can keep track of allocated memory references and release the memory when it is no longer referenced. A large part of what makes this possible is the blazing speed of today's processors. When you're running a 2 GHz machine, it's easy to spare a few cycles for memory management. Not that the garbage collector takes a huge number of cycles--it's incredibly efficient.
The garbage collector isn't perfect and it doesn't solve the problem of mis-managing other scarce resources (file handles, for example), but it relieves programmers from having to worry about a huge source of bugs that trips almost everybody up in other programming environments.
On balance, automatic memory management is a huge win in almost every situation.

Question: What Language familiar to CLR?
Answer: Any language that can be compiled into Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL) is considered a .NET-compliant language. Following are a few of the popular .NET-compliant languages supported by CLR:

Display random Image from the folder

2009-05-25T10:35:00.000-07:00

using System;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Data;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using System.Xml.Linq;
using System.IO;

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
string display = getimage();
Image1.ImageUrl = Path.Combine("~/image", display);
Label1.Text = display;

}

private string getimage()
{
Random rnd = new Random();
string[] image = Directory.GetFiles(MapPath("~/image"), "*.jpg");
string display = image[rnd.Next(image.Length)];
return Path.GetFileName(display);
}